The Kingdoms of the Middle Ages

France: Diplomatic Relations with Harun Al Rashid

809 BCE

Harun Al Rashid was one of the most famous of five caliphs, and he ruled over the court. During his rule he had diplomatic relations with China and Charlemange. Harun had sent gifts as a sign of trust to Charlemange. He helped bring in poetry, learning, and music, and had diplomatic relations with different countries and rulers to show his respect and keep peace with them.

France: Agreement with Byzantine Empire to recognize Charlemagne

802 BCE

One of the rulers at the time, Nicephorus I refused to recognize Charlemange's important claims. Due to ignoring his wisdom Nicephorus had a civil war on his hands between the Frankish tribes and led to the split of Venice from the Byzantine Empire.

France: Carolingian Dynasty - Charlemagne and the Renaissance

800 BCE

The Carolingian Renaissance was one of the first of three medical renaissances, and was a very cultural time period. In this time period there was a heightened show of literature, writing, architecture, and scriptural studies. Charlemagne was a big part of influencing many of these things in this era.

Islam : The Abbasid Empire - Baghdad built as a new capital

766 BCE

Baghdad was created by al-Mansur who was the second caliph of the Abbasid Empire. It became the new capital and it employed many artisans, crafters, and many other workers. It was made the capital because of the protection and space for new workers (had a moat around it). It was also built with beautiful architecture.

Islam : Umayyad Empire - Battle of Tours

732 BCE

The battle of Tours was between Charles Martel (Frankish leader), and an islamic army led by leader Emir Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi And al Rahman. It started because it halted the Islamic army from entering Western Europe and taking over.

Islam: Ali is murdered

661 BCE

The first sunni/shia split occurred when Muhammed died, and many sunni people believed that Ali should be appointed because he was married to Muhammed's wife; that caused a lot of controversy. When he was appointed everyone was known as Shiat Ali. When Ali's predecessor is assassinated in order for Ali to become ruler, Ali is murdered causing the second Sunni/Shia split

Islam: Muhammed conquers Mecca

630 BCE

The prophet Muhammed and 11 other muslims traveled to Mecca to bring back justice to the once holy city. Before he arrived he had heard word of many fights due to misunderstandings and blood was being shed. He believed that if you shed blood someone else has too as well.

Byzantine: Hagia Sophia is built

537 BCE

The Hagia Sophia built in Istanbul was built in a short period of 6 years. It was built in order to be a cathedral where people could come to freely pray. It was built by mathematicians and mechanics because of the precise measurements of materials needed to build the cathedral. It was burnt down due to riots and had to be rebuilt numerous times.

Byzantine: Justinian becomes Emperor of Byzantine Empire

527 BCE

Justinian became the emperor of the Byzantine after his uncle appointed him because he was going to die. He was appointed because of his strong passion and determination to make the city stronger, and bring the state back to its once high glory.

France: Reign of Clovis

466 BCE

Clovis was one of the biggest figures in France because he was one of the first rulers to unite all of the Frankish tribes, safely, under one ruler. He also made sure that his kingship would be passed down to an heir not causing controversy like other rulers. He conquered many parts of the Western Empire and many northern parts as well.

Byzantine: Theodosius II builds wall around Constantinople

414 BCE

The walls of Constantinople were build by ruler Theodosius II as a protection from the tribes and enemies who would try and destroy the new capital. Many tribes attempted to break through but failed many times due to the numerous defense systems built. It was built in order to establish that Constantinople was the new center of the Eastern Roman Empire.

Early Christian and Rome: The Sacking of Rome

410 BCE

The Germanic tribes sacked Rome because they were angry about the trade that they were getting from the Romans, and they took it as a disrespect to their tribes.

Early Christian and Rome: Nicene Creed

325 BCE

The Nicene creed was a statement that went against heresies. Those heresies stated that were going against the Christian church.

Early Christian and Rome: Edict of Milan

313 BCE

The Edict of Milan was the main document/agreement that allowed religious toleration to be given to the Christians. It was created by emperor Constantine and emperor Licinius. It gave them freedom to worship anyone, have legal rights, and feel safe in the empire.

Early Christian and Rome: Rome split into two regions

285

Emperor Diocletian wanted to make the empire more structured, and in order to do that he split the empire into the East and the West. The western empire was in Rome and the eastern empire was in Byzantine. The western empire eventually collapsed but the eastern empire stayed strong.