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100
New Testament Complete
It is estimated taht John wrote the book of Revelation, the last book of the New Testament, in the year 95 CE. By this time, Christianity had begun to spread throughout the Roman Empire.
The Roman government tolerated many religious beliefs within its empire, but not Chrstianity. Romans did not tolerate Christianity because Christians placed a higher priority on their faith than on loyalty to Rome. -
312
Constantine Converts to Christianity
Western Roman Emperor Constantine adopted Christianity after winning the Battle of Milvian Bridge. Before the battle began, Constantine reportedly looked at the sky and saw a cross above the sun and the words, "By this, win!" (in Greek) He ordered his soldiers to paint crosses on their shields and they won the battle. -
313
Edict of Milan
Emperor Constantine legalized all religions, which ended state persecution of Christians throughout the Roman Empire. In this letter, Constantine also ordered the return of confiscated Church property.
Christians moved into positions of power in the government and army; Christianity soon became the official faith of the Roman Empire. -
325
Council of Nicea
Leaders of the Christian Church met in Nicea to resolve disagreements on Church doctrine. A common, universal statement of belief was written - the Nicean Creed. -
330
Monasteries in Egypt
Monasteries are founded in the Egyptian desert -
410
Visigoths Sack Rome
This attack is generally viewed as the end of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe. -
450
Monasteries in Britian
The first British monasteries are establish in Wales -
570
Birth of Muhammad
Religious, political and military leader Abu al-Qasim Muhammad was born in Mecca. -
Jan 1, 630
Muhammad Conquers Mecca
Muhammad returned to Mecca with an army, took power and established Islam as the official religion. -
Period: Jan 1, 632 to Jan 1, 650
Period of the Rightly Guided Caliphs
Successors of Muhammad ruled the Arab Empire and the official text of the Koran is established in Arabic. -
Jun 8, 632
Death of Muhammad
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Jan 1, 636
Omar (the second caliph) Conquers Syria
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Jan 1, 637
Omar Conquers Persia and Jerusalem
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Jan 1, 641
Omar Conquers Alexandria (Egypt)
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Period: Jan 1, 661 to Jan 1, 750
Omayyad caliphs rule the Muslim Empire
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Jan 1, 711
Muslims Conquer Spain
Tolerant Muslim leaders allowed Jews social mobility, marking the beginning of the Golden Age for Jews in the Middle Ages in Spain and North Africa. -
Jan 1, 717
Pact of Umar
A document outlining the restrictions on non-muslims in Syria (an Islamic state). -
Period: Jan 1, 717 to
Seige of Constantinople
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Period: Jan 1, 750 to Jan 1, 1258
Golden Age of Islam
From the time the Abbasids rose to power and moved the capital of the Empire to Baghdad, until the Mongols conquered Baghdad, the Arab world experienced a Renaissance in science, philosophy, medicine and education. Freedom of religion was a part of the Abbasid rule. -
Jan 1, 1054
The Great Schism
For centuries, the Western and Eastern Church grew apart in traditions and beliefs. In 1054, they officially became two separate entities: the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church -
Jan 1, 1055
Muslim-Chrisitan Conflicts Erupt in the Byzantine Empire
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Jan 1, 1066
End of Jewish Social Prominence in Muslim States
Political turmoil in Grenada turned opinions against non-muslims and many were killed. -
Period: Jan 1, 1096 to Jan 1, 1099
The First Crusade
Pope Urban II of Rome calls for the expulsion of Muslims from Jerusalem. One intent was to reclaim the Byzantine Empire for Christianity in order to heal the breach between the eastern and western churches. -
Period: Jan 1, 1147 to Jan 1, 1148
The Second Crusade
Bernard of Clairvaux called for volunteers to recapture Jerusalem. It was a disastrous failure. -
Period: Jan 1, 1189 to Jan 1, 1192
The Third Crusade
This attempt to recover Jerusalem also failed. -
Period: Jan 1, 1200 to Jan 1, 1204
The Fourth Crusade
Instead of Jerusalem, they reclaimed and sacked Constantinople. -
Jan 1, 1212
The Children's Crusade
Children attempted to re-take the Holy Land but were killed or enslaved before they made it to Jerusalem. -
Period: Jan 1, 1219 to Jan 1, 1221
The Fifth Crusade
St. Francis of Assissi accompanied crusaders where they found victory in Egypt. He continued on his own to preach to the Sultan at a Muslim army camp. -
Jan 1, 1229
The Sixth Crusdade
Frederick II made a treaty with the sultan. -
Jan 1, 1248
Christians Re-conquer Spain
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Jan 1, 1248
The Seventh Crusade
The final crusade -
Jan 1, 1258
Mongols Sack Baghdad
End of Abbasid caliphs. -
Jan 1, 1299
Ottoman Empire is Established
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Period: Jan 1, 1300 to Jan 1, 1500
Forced Jewish Migration
During this time, European Jews were forced by local governments to leave. They headed eastward and ended up in areas such as modern-day Poland. -
Jan 1, 1391
The Great Conversion
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Jan 1, 1453
Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople - End of Byzantine Empire
Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople under the rule of Muhammad II, ending the Byzantine Empire. The city is renamed Istanbul, and becomes the capital of the Ottoman Empire. -
Jan 1, 1481
The Beginning of the Spanish Inquisition
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Charlemagne Crowned Holy Roman Emperor
Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne head of the Holy Roman Empire -
Period: to Jan 1, 1100
Arab Trade Routes Expand Across Northern Africa
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Period: to
Carolingian Empire
Charlemagne's rule as Holy Roman Emperor was a cultural high point of the early middle ages.
