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Before the seventeenth century, textiles were made mainly in people’s homes.
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Abraham Darby discovered a cheaper and easier method to produce cast iron using a coke-fueled furnace. -
A Series of innovations led to ever-increasing productivity, while requiring less human energy.
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Iron and steel became essential materials, they were used in everything from appliances.
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Thomas Newcomen developed the first practical steam engine.
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The steam engine was used to pump water out of mines.
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James Hargreaves invented this machine in order to produce multiple spools of thread simultaneously. -
Richard Arkwright created the Water frame, a spinning machine that used a water mill’s energy, in order to increase the production of cotton weavers. -
James Watt had improved on Newcomen’s work
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The steam engine went on to power machinery, locomotives and ships during the Industrial Revolution.
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The Spinning Jenny was improved by Samuel Crompton who called it the Spinning mule. -
Edmund Cartwright developed a machine that mechanized the process of weaving clothes. -
William Murdoch created gas lighting, using gas supplied by coal during combustion. -
In 1800, Alessandro Volta created the first electric battery which produced electricity by converting chemical energy into electric energy. -
In 1803, Robert Fulton developed the steamboat : the first boat capable of crossing the Atlantic Ocean in 13 days. -
Richard Trevithick created the first Steam Locomotive, it is a motorized machine comprising a steam-engine.
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The American Cyrus McCormick created the first harvester pulled by a horse. -
Henry Bessemer developed the first inexpensive mass-producing steel.