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500
Conflict between Church and the state
God created two swords, one religious and one political. Gelasisis thought that the pope should bow to the empire in political matters and the emporer should bow to the pope in religious matter. They both competed for power. -
Period: Jan 18, 1001 to Jan 18, 1100
Church threatens excommunication and interdict
2 harshest punishments that offenders faced were excommunication and interdict. Popes used the threat of excommunication, or banishment from the Church to gain power over political rulers. Under an interdict, many sacraments and religious services could not be performed in the king’s lands. As Christians, the king’s subjects believed that without such sacraments they might be doomed to hell. -
Jan 17, 1075
Pope Gregory bans lay investiture and Henry is excommunicated
The furious young German emperor, immediately called a meeting of the German bishop he had appointed. With their approval, the emperor ordered Gregory to step dow from the papacy. Gregory was then excommunicated by the Pope. -
Jan 17, 1077
Henry crosses the Alps and asks for forgiveness from Gregory
In January 1077, Henry crossed the snowy alps to the Italtian town of Canossa. He approached the castle where Gergory was a guest. The Pope was obligated to forgive the sinner who begged so humbly. Still, Gregory kept Henry waiting in the snow for three days before ending his excommunication. Their meeting actually solved nothing. The pope had humiliated Henry, a proud ruler in Europe. But Henry felt superior and went to punish nobles. -
Jan 17, 1122
Concordat of Worms
Gregory and Henry continued to fight over lay investiture so represenative of the church and the emporer met in the city of Worms and reached this comprimise. The Church could appoint a bishop but the emporer could veto. -
Jan 17, 1152
Frederick I is chosen as German King
The seven princes who elected the German king realized that Germany needed a strong ruler to keep peace and calm so they chose Federick I, who had the nickname "barbarossa" for his red beard.He was the fist ruler to call his land the Holy Roman Empire. -
Jan 17, 1176
Battle of Legnano
Foot soldiers of the Lombard League faced Frederick's army of mounted knights at this battle. In an suprisingly huge vicroty, the Italtian foot soldiers used crossbows to defeat feudal knights for the first time in history. -
Jan 17, 1177
Frederick made peace with The Pope
Frederick made peace with the pope and returned to Germany. His defeat had undermined his authority with the German princes. -
Jan 17, 1190
Empire falls to pieces
After Frederick drowned his Empire fell to pieces. -
Charlemagne crowned emporer
Charlemagne is crowned emporer of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo III. This was an attempt to influence religious and political matters. -
Otto the great is cowned king
Otto the Great was the most effective ruler of Medieval Germany and he formed a close allience with the Church -
Otto invades Italy
He invaded Italy on the Pope's behalf and was crowned emporer -
Period: to Jan 17, 1100
Holy Roman Empire
An empire established in Europe in the 10th century a.d., originally consisting mainly of lands in what is now Germany and Italy.
