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The Holocaust

By rochmcapps

  • Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany a nation with a Jewish population of 566,000.

    Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany a nation with a Jewish population of 566,000.

  • Nazis burn Reichstag building to create crisis atmosphere.

  • Nazis open Dachau concentration camp near Munich, to be followed by Buchenwald near Weimar in central Germany, Sachsenhausen near Berlin in northern Germany, and Ravensbrück for women.

  • German Parliament passes Enabling Act giving Hitler dictatorial powers

  • The Gestapo is born, created by Hermann Göring in the German state of Prussia.

  • Burning of books in Berlin and throughout Germany.

  • Nazi Party is declared the only legal party in Germany

  • Nazis pass Law to strip Jewish immigrants from Poland of their German citizenship.

  • Nazis prohibit Jews from owning land.

  • Nazis pass a Law against Habitual and Dangerous Criminals, which allows beggars, the homeless, alcoholics and the unemployed to be sent to concentration camps.

  • Jews not allowed national health insurance.

  • The SS (Schutzstaffel) is made an independent organization from the SA.

  • Jews are prohibited from getting legal qualifications.

  • German President von Hindenburg dies. Hitler becomes Führer.

  • Hitler receives a 90 percent 'Yes' vote from German voters approving his new powers.

  • Nazis ban Jews from serving in the military.

  • Nazis pass law allowing forced abortions on women to prevent them from passing on hereditary diseases.

  • Nazis force Jewish performers/artists to join Jewish Cultural Unions.

  • Nuremberg Race Laws against Jews decreed.

  • The German Gestapo is placed above the law.

  • Nazis occupy the Rhineland.

  • Heinrich Himmler is appointed chief of the German Police.

  • Olympic games begin in Berlin. Hitler and top Nazis seek to gain legitimacy through favorable public opinion from foreign visitors and thus temporarily refrain from actions against Jews.

  • They are also denied tax reductions and child allowances.

  • Jews are banned from many professional occupations including teaching Germans, and from being accountants or dentists

  • 'Eternal Jew' travelling exhibition opens in Munich.

  • Nazi troops enter Austria, which has a population of 200,000 Jews, mainly living in Vienna. Hitler announces Anschluss (union) with Austria.

  • Nazis prohibit Aryan 'front-ownership' of Jewish businesses.

  • - Nazis order Jews to register wealth and property.

  • Nazis order Jewish-owned businesses to register

  • At Evian, France, the U.S. convenes a League of Nations conference with delegates from 32 countries to consider helping Jews fleeing Hitler, but results in inaction as no country will accept them.

  • Nazis prohibited Jews from trading and providing a variety of specified commercial services.

  • Nazis order Jews over age 15 to apply for identity cards from the police, to be shown on demand to any police officer.

  • Jewish doctors prohibited by law from practicing medicine.

  • Nazis destroy the synagogue in Nuremberg.

  • Nazis require Jewish women to add Sarah and men to add Israel to their names on all legal documents including passports.

  • Jews are prohibited from all legal practices.

  • Nazi troops occupy the Sudetenland.

  • Nazis arrest 17,000 Jews of Polish nationality living in Germany, then expel them back to Poland which refuses them entry, leaving them in 'No-Man's Land' near the Polish border for several months.

  • Kristallnacht - The Night of Broken Glass.

  • Nazis fine Jews one billion marks for damages related to Kristallnacht

  • Jewish pupils are expelled from all non-Jewish German schools.

  • Law for compulsory Aryanization of all Jewish businesses.

  • Mass killings of Jews using Zyklon-B begin at Auschwitz-Birkenau in Bunker I (the red farmhouse) in Birkenau with the bodies being buried in mass graves in a nearby meadow.

  • The deportation of Jews from Lublin to Belzec.

  • The start of deportation of Slovak Jews to Auschwitz.

  • The start of deportation of French Jews to Auschwitz.

  • First trainloads of Jews from Paris arrive at Auschwitz.

  • First transports of Jews arrive at Majdanek.

  • German Jews are banned from using public transportation.

  • In occupied Poland, Sobibor extermination camp becomes operational. The camp is fitted with three gas chambers using carbon monoxide piped in from engines, but will later substitute Zyklon-B.

  • The New York Times reports on an inside page that Nazis have machine-gunned over 100,000 Jews in the Baltic states, 100,000 in Poland and twice as many in western Russia.

  • Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Agreement.

  • Germany invades Poland, starting World War II in Europe.

  • Germans establish a ghetto in Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland.

  • Nazis choose the town of Oswiecim (Auschwitz) in Poland near Krakow as the site of a new concentration camp.

  • First deportation of German Jews into occupied Poland.

  • 430 Jewish hostages are deported from Amsterdam after a Dutch Nazi is killed by Jews.

  • Nazis invade Denmark (Jewish pop. 8,000) and Norway (Jewish pop. 2,000).

  • The Lodz Ghetto in occupied Poland is sealed off from the outside world with 230,000 Jews locked inside.

  • Paris is occupied by the Nazis.

  • Nazis invade Russia (Jewish pop. 3 million).

  • The first anti-Jewish measures are taken in Vichy France.

  • - Jews in Romania forced into Transnistria. By December, 70,000 perish.

  • Tripartite (Axis) Pact signed by Germany, Italy and Japan.

  • Nazis invade Romania (Jewish pop. 34,000).

  • Deportation of 29,000 German Jews from Baden, the Saar, and Alsace-Lorraine into Vichy France.

  • Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia become Nazi Allies.

  • The Krakow Ghetto is sealed off containing 70,000 Jews.

  • The Warsaw Ghetto, containing over 400,000 Jews, is sealed off.

  • Near Riga, a mass shooting of Latvian and German Jews.

  • A pogrom in Romania results in over 2,000 Jews killed.

  • German Jews ordered into forced labor.

  • A 'Commissariat' for Jewish Affairs is set up in Vichy France.

  • Nazis invade Yugoslavia (Jewish pop. 75,000) and Greece (Jewish pop. 77,000).

  • Nazis occupy Bulgaria (Jewish pop. 50,000).

  • 3,600 Jews arrested in Paris.

  • Romanian troops conduct a pogrom against Jews in the town of Jassy, killing 10,000.

  • In occupied Poland near Lublin, Majdanek concentration camp becomes operational.

  • 3,800 Jews killed during a pogrom by Lithuanians in Kovno.

  • Nazis take Kiev.