the history of the computers

  • The invebt of the loom

    The invebt of the loom
    Joseph Marie Jacquard, a French merchant and inventor invents a loom that uses punched wooden cards to automatically weave fabric designs. The computers would use a similar punch cards.
  • Charles Babbage's discorverment

    Charles Babbage's discorverment
    According to the university of Minessota, English mathematician Charles Babbage conceives of a steam-driven calculating machine that would be able to compute tables of numbers.
  • First computer program

    First computer program
    Ada Lovelace, an English mathematician and the daughter of poet Lord Byron, writes the world's first computer program. According to Anna Siffert, a professor of theoretical mathematics at the University of Münster in Germany, Lovelace writes the first program while translating a paper on Babbage's Analytical Engine from French into English.
  • World's first printing calculators

    World's first printing calculators
    According to Uta C. Merzbach's book, "Georg Scheutz and the First Printing Calculator", Swedish inventor Per Georg Scheutz and his son Edvard design the world's first printing calculator. The machine is significant for being the first to "compute tabular differences and print the results
  • Vannevar's analyzer.

    Vannevar's analyzer.
    According to Standford University, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Vannevar Bush invents and builds the Differential Analyzer, the first large-scale automatic general-purpose mechanical analog computer.
  • Alan Turing's machine

    Alan Turing's machine
    Alan Turing, a British scientist and mathematician, presents the principle of a universal machine, later called the Turing machine, in a paper called "On Computable Numbers…" according to Chris Bernhardt's book "Turing's Vision(opens in new tab)" (The MIT Press, 2017). Turing machines are capable of computing anything that is computable. The central concept of the modern computer is based on his ideas.
  • John's proporsal

    John's proporsal
    John Vincent Atanasoff, a professor of physics and mathematics at Iowa State University, submits a grant proposal to build the first electric-only computer, without using gears, cams, belts or shafts.
  • Hellwet company (HP)

    Hellwet company (HP)
    David Packard and Bill Hewlett found the Hewlett Packard Company in Palo Alto, California. The pair decide the name of their new company by the toss of a coin, and Hewlett-Packard's first headquarters are in Packard's garage, according to MIT.
  • Konrad Zuse's Z3

    Konrad Zuse's Z3
    German inventor and engineer Konrad Zuse completes his Z3 machine, the world's earliest digital computer, according to Gerard O'Regan's book "A Brief History of Computing(opens in new tab)" (Springer, 2021). The machine was destroyed during a bombing raid on Berlin during World War II. Zuse fled the German capital after the defeat of Nazi Germany and later released the world's first commercial digital computer, the Z4, in 1950, according to O'Regan.
  • First digital electronic computer

    First digital electronic computer
    Atanasoff and his graduate student, Clifford Berry, design the first digital electronic computer in the U.S., called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC). This marks the first time a computer is able to store information on its main memory, and is capable of performing one operation every 15 seconds, according to the book "Birthing the Computer(opens in new tab)" (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016)
  • The ENIAC

    The ENIAC
    Two professors at the University of Pennsylvania, John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, design and build the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). The machine is the first "automatic, general-purpose, electronic, decimal, digital computer," according to Edwin D. Reilly's book "Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology" (Greenwood Press, 2003).
  • The transitor

    The transitor
    William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain of Bell Laboratories invent the transistor. They discover how to make an electric switch with solid materials and without the need for a vacuum.
  • EDSAC

    EDSAC
    Team at the University of Cambridge develops the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC), "the first practical stored-program computer," according to O'Regan. "EDSAC ran its first program in May 1949 when it calculated a table of squares and a list of prime numbers,"
  • Grace Copper language

    Grace Copper language
    Grace Hopper develops the first computer language, which eventually becomes known as COBOL, which stands for COmmon, Business-Oriented Language according to the National Museum of American History(opens in new tab). Hopper is later dubbed the "First Lady of Software" in her posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom citation.
  • Douglas the inventor of the mouse

    Douglas the inventor of the mouse
    Douglas Engelbart reveals a prototype of the modern computer at the Fall Joint Computer Conference, San Francisco. His presentation, called "A Research Center for Augmenting Human Intellect" includes a live demonstration of his computer, including a mouse and a graphical user interface (GUI), according to the Doug Engelbart Institute(opens in new tab).
  • The UNIX system

    The UNIX system
    en Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and a group of other developers at Bell Labs produce UNIX, an operating system that made "large-scale networking of diverse computing systems — and the internet — practical," according to Bell Labs(opens in new tab).. The team behind UNIX continued to develop the operating system using the C programming language, which they also optimized.
  • Macintosh release

    Macintosh release
    The Apple Macintosh is announced to the world during a Superbowl advertisement. The Macintosh is launched with a retail price of $2,500, according to the NMAH.
  • Windows release

    Windows release
    As a response to the Apple Lisa's GUI, Microsoft releases Windows in November 1985, the Guardian reported(opens in new tab). Meanwhile, Commodore announces the Amiga 1000.
  • FireFox launch

    FireFox launch
    he Mozilla Corporation launches Mozilla Firefox 1.0. The Web browser is one of the first major challenges to Internet Explorer, owned by Microsoft. During its first five years, Firefox exceeded a billion downloads by users, according to the Web Design Museum(opens in new tab).
  • Quantum computeer

    Quantum computeer
    The first reprogrammable quantum computer was created. "Until now, there hasn't been any quantum-computing platform that had the capability to program new algorithms into their system. They're usually each tailored to attack a particular algorithm," said study lead author Shantanu Debnath, a quantum physicist and optical engineer at the University of Maryland, College Park.
    Credits of all the work to live science.com
  • Sources: Live science.com