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Congress passes the 1st Civil Rights Act
27-30,enacted april 9,1866,reenacted 1870) was the first united states federal law to define citizenship and affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law. -
14th Amendment
The 14 amendment is an amendment to the united states constitution that was adopted in 1868.It granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to african americans and enslaved people who have been emancipated after the american civil war. -
15 Amendment
The amendment read,"The right of citizens of the united states to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of race,color,or previous condition of servitude." the 15 amendment guaranteed african american men the right to vote. -
The 1st Women’s Suffrage Amendment was introduced in Congress, but was defeated
Modeled after the Declaration of Independence,it outlined women's inferior status and included demand for suffrage.In 1878 the first federal women's suffrage amendment was introduced but was soundly defeated later in the first full senate vote in 1887. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson , was a landmark decision of the U.S. supreme court in which the court ruled that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality,a doctrine that came to be known as"separate but equal." -
NAACP is founded
National Association for the Advancement of colored people (NAACP), interracial american organization created to work for the abolition of segregation and discrimination in housing,education,employment,voting,and transportation,to oppose racism: and to ensure african americans their constitutional rights. -
19th Amendment
Passed by congress June 4,1919 and ratified on August 18,1920, the 19th amendment guarantee all american women the right to vote. -
Shelly v. Kramer
U.S. supreme court case that help restrictive covenants in real property deeds which prohibited the sale of property to non-caucasians unconstitutionally violate the equal protection provision of the 14 amendment. -
Brown v. Board of Education
In brown v. board of education , the u.s. supreme court ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools violated for 14 amendment to the constitution. -
Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat
Parks was arrested o December 1,1955, after she refused to give up her seat on a crowded bus to a white passenger. The NAACP realized that parks was the right person to work on its battle against the system of segregation in montgomery. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The civil rights act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race,color,religion,sex or national origin. The act prohibited discrimination in public accommodations and federally funded programs. It also strengthened the enforcement of voting rights and the desegregation of schools. -
NOW (National Organization of Women) formed
Established by a group of feminists who were dedicated to actively challenging sex discrimination in society. SInce its founding in 1966, NOW's goal has been "to take action" to bring about equality for all women. -
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
A important united states supreme court involving school desegregation. Specifically, the court dealt with the freedom of choice plans created to avoid compliance with the supreme courts mandate in brown ll in 1955. -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
United states supreme court dealing with the busing of students to promote integration in public schools. -
Proposition 209 – California
A california ballot proposition which,upon approval in November 1996,amended the state constitution to prohibit state governmental institutions from considering race,sex, or ethnicity, specifically in the areas of public employment ,public contracting and public education.