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Brown v. Board of Education
Brown vs. Board of Education was an important decision pertaining to civil rights, the US Supreme Court forbade the separation of schools on the basis of race. Schools were segregated based on race before this decision, but the Supreme Court declared that this practice was unfair and unconstitutional. This ruling made it possible to execute Special Education reform, which is predicated on granting all individuals equal rights. -
ESEA Act
First passed in 1965, the primary federal law pertaining to education was the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). It was initially passed in reaction to Lyndon B. Johnson administration's War on Poverty. With regard to the money they spend on assistance for students who are at risk, like those with disabilities, school districts are held responsible under this Act. -
Head Start Amendment
According to the changes to Head Start, 10% of spots must be set aside for kids with development disabilities. With over 12.2 percent of the Head Start participants having a recognized disability, Head Start remains one of the main programs that serves children with disabilities. Over 25 million children and their families have benefited from Head Start since it launched in 1965 (Office of Head Start, 2008). -
Least Restrictive Environment
IDEA also developed the notion of "Least Restrictive Environment" (LRE). This made it mandatory for general education classrooms to provide education to kids with disabilities, together with the necessary resources with assistance to satisfy their requirements. -
"Bill of Rights"
1975 saw the passage of the Education of All Handicapped Children Act into law. This was referred to as the "Bill of Rights" for families and students with disabilities. It outlined in detail the services that students with disabilities are entitled to, including and Individualized Education Plan (IEP) for each child who has been identified as having a disability and a free and adequate public education (FAPE). -
PACER Organization
This organization was first established in 1977 by parents of disabled children under the motto "parents helping parents," by offering assistance and support to other parents in similar circumstances. The organization currently offers training and support programs that are nationally recognized in an effort to enhance the lives of children with disabilities. The PACER Center helps children, young people, and their families with disabilities live better lives and have better access to education. -
IDEA Amendments
Since its passage in 1975, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) has undergone the most extensive and noteworthy modifications. Regarding the discipline of children with impairments, a number of the most significant reforms were implemented. Including the promise that all children with disabilities will have access to a free adequate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment (LRE), as well as the assurance of procedural safeguards and due process procedures. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The goal of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 was to close the achievement gap between different student subgroups and enhance educational results for students with disabilities. Every Student Succeeds (ESSA) Act 2015 is the new name for it after revision. With an emphasis on increased funding for underprivileged school districts, it significantly increases the role of the federal government in ensuring the quality of public education for all children in the U.S. -
World Bank Organization
This group works to raise public awareness of the suffering endured by children in underdeveloped nations and the importance of education for all students, including those with disabilities. The World Bank works with nations to guarantee that training and professional development programs include techniques that allow kids with disabilities to participate and learn in classrooms. Investigating cutting-edge, inclusive pedagogies as well as efficient assistive technology applications.