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Physician interest
Jean-Marc Itard and Edouard Seguin were the first physicians interested in children with intellectual and developmental delays -
the United Cerebral Palsy Association
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Post-WW2
this era saw the beginnings of special programs for children's with exceptionalities -
Environmental Influences
major movement to stress the important role played by the environment, recognizing that many exceptionalities can be created or intensified by various environmental conditions -
Association of Children with Learning Disabilities
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Public Law 88-164
authorized funds for training professionals to work with children with special needs and for research and demonstration for students with intellectual developmental disabilities and deafness -
Pennsylvanis Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
landmark case that began a series of court decisions in favor of children with exceptionalities and their right to free and appropriate public education. This court case decide that children with IDD could not be excluded from school and did have a right to FAPE -
Mills v. Board of Education
absence of funds is not an excuse for failing to provide education services to children with exceptionalities -
Public Law 93-112
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
this law acts as a bridge between general and special education -
Legislation
congress had enacted legislation designed to provide real help for children -
Public Law 94-142
first big legislation passed that gave people with exceptionalities rights. pertained to school age children only -
Larry P. v. Riles
children should not be labeled handicapped or places into special education without adequate diagnosis that takes into account different cultural and linguistic backgrounds -
Jose P. v. Ambach
bilingual children with exceptionalities need identification, evaluation, and educational procedures that reflect and respect their dual-language backgrounds -
Board of Education v. Rowley
a child with disabilities is entitled to an appropriate, not an optimum, education -
Public Law 99-457
Reissue of public law 94-142, now gave children from birth to age 3 rights as well -
Public Law 100-297
The Javits Act, provided a small sum of money to support research and demonstration programs that focused on the special needs of gifted students from economically disadvantaged circumstances, from culturally or linguistically diverse families, or with disabilities -
Polk v. Central Susquehanna Intermediate Unit 16
made it clear that such services, though not optimal, must provide sufficient support so the child with disabilities can benefit educationally -
Heredity and Environment
emphasis was placed on heredity and environmental factors and interacftions -
Barnett v. Fairfax County Board of Education
a child with a hearing disability was allowed to attend a school several miles from home instead of a neighborhood school because the centralized program at the special school better met the child's needs -
Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)
founded in order to organize teachers who were working to help children with exceptionalities -
Americans with Disabilities Act
extends civil rights to persons with disabilities -
Public Law 107-110
No Child Left Behind Act, not so great, held schools and educators responsible for bringing students to a minimum level of competency -
Human Genome Project
scientific breakthrough that determined the complete sequence of the three billion DNA subunits and identified all human genes and made them accessible for further biological studies -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
reauthorization of the original legislation (PL 94-142) Major changes included: quality of personnel, IEP standards, and transition planning -
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
goal was to stimulate economic activity in a number of areas, including financial and social institutions, and education, to ensure the long-time economic health of our nation