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Crouch stance (innovations)
POINT--
- Crouch stance
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (CHANGE)
• Before they started standing up right• This innovation led to todays more evolved use of blocks and was the start of the technique in running -
Ancient Olympics -- No shoes (Equipment)
(actually 394 AD but wouldnt fit on timeline)
POINT--
• The athletes were required to wear no clothing and no shoes
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PROGRESS AND DECLINE)
• This method was not progress for the equipment in track and field because it was not a very realistic option for the future as it would cause lots of injuries -
Heats/ Repechage (Innovations)
POINT --
-Heats (repechage) CONNECTION TO TIMELINE (CHANGE)
• Before, everyone ran at one time
• Building blocks for todays more organized heats based on times/country etc.
• Heats were organized strangely (ex. 6 people in one heat, one person in another) -
Timing and Medals (innovations)
POINT--
Timing and medals CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (CHANGE)
• Began to round times more specifically
• First year gold medals were awarded, previously rewarded wreaths to first place
• Led to todays bronze, silver and gold medal system in the Olympic -
False starts (innovations)
POINT--
false starts CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (CHANGE)
• Before this rule, if you started ahead they just let the race go on• This system made the race much more fair -
Period: to
Before WWII - point (P.e.d's)
Performance enhancing drugs-- guide post; periodization
The Berlin Olympics• The games were replete with rumors of performance enhancing drug use by German athletes. Track and field competitors were experimenting with nitroglycerine in an effort to dilate their coronary arteries. Germans won more Olympic medals than any other country - eighty-nine compared to the United States' fifty-nine. -
Period: to
Before WWII - connection to guidepost (P.e.d's)
Performance enhancing drugs-- guide post; periodization
Before WWII• In this period of time there was only suspicion of drug use due to enhanced performance of certain athletes whose country was in a powerful position at the time, however there were never any tests conducted to prove these accusations true or false -
Coaches (innovations)
POINT--
coaches CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (CHANGE)
• Instead of training themselves athletes began to start using coaches to help train them , this made athletes better because they got more than one opinion -
Period: to
Rubber sole (Equipment)
POINT #1--
• Flat bottom running shoes were worn to race and to trainPOINT #2--
• No metal spikes were on the shoe
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PROGRESS AND DECLINE)
• This trend for a racing shoe made progress, however was declined by a newer innovation of metal spikes that would make runners faster -
1936 (rivalries)
POINT--
-Jack Lovelock (New Zealand) & Glenn Cunningham (USA)-Both broke the previous olympic record- Lovelock won the gold CONNECTION TO TIMELINE (CONTINUITY AND CHANGE)
- Change because New Zealand was not very strong in this sport at the time- Continuity
– USA continuing to dominate -
Period: to
After WWII timespan
CONNECTION TO THIS GUIDEPOST--(PERIODIZATION)
Overall in this period—• This period of time in relation to performance enhancing drugs was just the very beginning of what was about to come throughout the 1980’s up until now• I believe that if stronger consequences were implemented during this time period that maybe the amount of athletes abusing performance-enhancing drugs would not have been as high as it was/is because athletes continue to find was around the rules. -
Period: to
After WWII: 1950-1955(P.e.d's)
Early 1950’sPOINT-- Early 1950’s• Human Growth Hormone was made available to deficient childrenCONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PERIODIZATION)
Early 1950’s • The availability of this drug led to a huge period of performance enhancing substance abuse in later years -
Period: to
1950-1980 Metal spike (Equiptment)
POINT #1--
• Metal spikes were added to the bottom of the shoePOINT #2--
- In this period of time it was all about the money, many of the top athletes would race in two different shoes so that they could be paid by both companies for advertising
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PROGRESS AND DECLINE)
• The metal spike on the bottom of the shoe was huge progress in the running equipment industry because it gave the runner exceptional grip compared to a normal rubber sole -
After WWII- The Rome Olympics—P.e.d's
POINT--
• the first games to be widely televised. Rome unveiled two high profile female Soviet athletes who had allegedly added testosterone to their training regimens. CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PERIODIZATION)--
• This was just the beginning of what the IOC was going to experience with performance enhancing drug abuse in later years
• I believe that if this had been dealt with under more strict circumstances then the whole future of performance enhancing drug abuse could not have been as bad -
After WWII-- The Tokyo Olympics(P.e.d's)
POINT--
• The Tokyo Olympics came to be known as the "Steroid Olympics." Rumors were in the air that the IOC was developing a banned
-substances list and a program for drug testing. CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PERIODIZATION)
• This test was ground breaking for the future of IOC performance enhancing drug testing -
Location (innovations)
POINT--
Location CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (CHANGE)
• Tokyo Olympics of 1964• First time the Olympics weren’t in USA or Europe -
After WWII-- Mexico city Olympics(P.e.d's)
POINT--
• International Olympic Committee starts their anti-doping testing
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PERIODIZATION)
• Ground breaking for the future of the entire Olympics -
After WWII -- Munich Olympics(P.e.d's)
POINT-
• Although irrelevant to the 1500m, at the Munich Olympics, the Soviets won four of the eight gold medals in weight lifting. Vasiliy Alekseyev, a giant of a man, won the super heavyweight division. It is alleged that Alekseev was stacking more than 350 milligrams of anabolic steroids per day at his peak - seventy times the therapeutic dosage.
CONNECTION TO GIUDEPOST (PERIODIZATION)
• The use of performance enhancing drugs was becoming more popular as well as more recognized by the public -
1972 (Rivalries)
POINT--
-Steve Prefontaine (USA) & Lasse Viren (Finland)
- Old friends who went through college racing each other
- Olympic 1500m Steve lost the lead due to going out too hard and lost the victory to Viren CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (CONTINUITY AND CHANGE)
- USA continuing to dominate on the track
- More than one USA competitor in the final -
Montreal Olympics (P.e.d.'s)
POINT--
• Many people doping however, None failed a drug test, but that was because the sport scientists back home had already taken steps to make sure they would pass
• There was clear evidence of anabolic steroid abuse at these games such as Females developing deep voices, body
hair on their torso, acne, and other adverse effects of steroid use.
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PERIODIZATION)
-Thorough testing begins
-punishent being prepared to deal with this issue in this period of time -
Period: to
Punishment period(P.e.d's)
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PERIODIZATION)
Overall in this period--
This period of was when athletes began being tested thoroughly and caught for the use of performance enhancing drugs. proper consequences and actions were given to athletes who were caught using performance enhancing drugs -
1976 (Rivalries)
POINT--
-Steve Ovett & Sebastian Coe
- Battled in both 800m and 1500m
- Ovett came out victorious
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (CONTINUITY AND CHANGE)
- Britain continued to be dominant in track and field
- Changed in a way that the rivals were both from the same representing country -
Moscow Olympics (P.e.d.'s)
POINT--
• Ben Johnson caught for using steroids, after having denied and lied about it when he was called out the first time.
• Referred to as one of the biggest p.e.d. scandals in track and field of all time
• He was stripped of his metals and banned from the olympics
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PERIODIZATION)
• I believe that if ben had been caught in the period of time before this he may not have been punished as strictly and it would not have sent as large as a message world wide as it did -
Period: to
Tread/support (Equiptment)
POINT #1 --
• Tread and sole of shoe extremely differentiated depending on which event
• ex. Long distance had more bulky sole, short distance had lighter shoe with less support.
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PROGRESS AND DECLINE)
• This was progress in equiptment because it made injuries less common and helped to prevent them especially for longer distance runners • few brands were a decline because they tried to come upwith new ideas such as plastic tread however this was not as effective -
Period: to
Seoul Korea Olympics and Asia Olympics (P.e.d.'s)
POINT--
• Many results came back proving athletes in track and field along with other events testing positive for all different kinds of performance enhancing drugs
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PERIODIZATION)
- Tests by the IOC proving to be effective in punishing athletes -
2000 (Rivalres)
POINT--
-Noah Ngeny (Kenya) & Hicham El Guerrouj
- El Guerrouj was WR holder and expected to win, Ngeny seeded 3rd going into the final
- El Guerrouj went out hard but was passed by Ngeny in the final lap who executed a perfect kick
- Ngeny:1st, El Guerrouj: 4th
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (CONTINUITY AND CHANGE)
- Kenya dominate country in the 1500 metres for 10years previous and continue to be today-Changed in which the world record holder and 1st place seed did not make the Olympic podium -
Period: to
Specification (Equiptment)
POINT--
• Weight of shoe• The weight of the shoe got significantly lighterCONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PROGRESS AND DECLINE)
• Progress for the sport because the lighter weight makes it less strain and fatigue on the athlete therefore being able to have more energy to run faster times as well as comfort -
Beijing Olympics (P.e.d.'s)
POINT--
• Fifteen months after the Beijing Olympics, Bahraini middle-distance runner Rashid Ramzi was stripped of his 1,500-meter gold medal along with four other athletes that were disqualified because of doping at the Games.
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PERIODIZATION)
- in this period of time appropriate punishment had been prepared for anyone who was caught using performance enhancing drugs and it was implemented to punish -
London Olympics (P.e.d.'s)
POINT--
• Amine Laalou of morocco, whose 3:29.53 1500-meter personal best is the third fastest in the Olympic field, tested positive and been disqualified for a masking agent performance enhancing drug and won't start Friday's 1500-meter qualifying rounds.
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (PERIODIZATION)
- The I.O.C'S method of punishment for dealing with punishment performance enhancing drugs has been perfected and is making drug use less and less common because of the consequences -
2012 (Rivalries)
POINT --
Taoufik Makhloufi (Algeria) & Asbel Kiprop (kenya)-Makhloufi sat in about 5th or 6th place the entire race while Kiprop lead the pack and set the pace-Kiprop’s plan backfired as he was tired and was out kicked at the end by Makhloufi.
CONNECTION TO GUIDEPOST (CONTINUITY AND CHANGE)
- The leader of the pack once again ended up not taking first place- Kenya still within the top 5 of the world for this event
