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Period: 500 BCE to 400
Ancient Times
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420 BCE
Hippocrates of Cos
Hippocrates of Cos maintains that diseases have natural causes and puts forth the Hippocrates Oath. Origin of rational medicine. -
400 BCE
Huangdi Neijing
Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperors Classic of Internal Medicine) is published, laying the framework for traditional Chinese medicine. -
216
Galen
Came up with clinical medicine based on observation and experience. The resulting tightly integrated and comprehensive system, offering a complete medical philosophy dominating the world of medicine throughout the middle ages and until the beginning of the modern era. -
375
Ephrem the Syrian
Ephrem the Syrian opened a hospital at Edessa. They spread out and specialized nosocomia for the sick, brephotrophia for foundlings, orphanotrophia for orphans, ptochia for the poor, xenodochia for poor or infirm pilgrims, and gerontochia for the old. -
400
First Hospital
The first hospital in Latin Christendom was founded by Fabiola at Rome. -
Period: 400 to 1400
Middle Ages
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541
Bubonic Plague
The Bubonic Plague is an infectious disease that killed millions of people around the world. Kills ~10,000 people a day at its peak in some areas in Europe. -
643
Chen Ch'uan
Chinese physician Chen Ch’üan describes symptoms of diabetes mellitus; including thirst & sweet urine. -
865
Rhazes
He was Persian physician who built upon the ideas of Hippocrates. He also documented the difference between smallpox and measles. -
1025
Canon of Medicine
It was compiled by Persian philosopher Avicenna.% volumes about Greek and Arabic medicine, and it was dominant in teachings until 18th century. -
1242
Ibn an-Nafis
Ibn an-Nafis suggests that the right and left ventricles of the heart are separate and discovers the pulmonary circulation and coronary circulation. -
Period: 1400 to
Renaissance
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1443
Antonio Benivieni
Antonio Benivieni was a Florentine physician who pioneered the use of the autopsy, a postmortem dissection of a deceased patient's body used to understand the cause of death. -
1493
Paracelsus
He created a book in the relationship between medicine and surgery. He was also known as the father of toxicology. -
1510
Ambroise Pare
Ambroise Pare one of the fathers of surgery created a new way to seal arteries and blood vessels after amputation. -
1543
Andreas Vesalius
Andreas Vesalius publishes De Fabrica Corporis Humani which corrects Greek medical errors and revolutionizes European medicine. -
William Harvey
William Harvey was an English physician who made seminal contributions in anatomy and physiology. He was the first known physician to describe completely and in detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the brain and body by the heart, though earlier writers, such as Realdo Colombo, Michael Servetus, and Jacques Dubois, had provided precursors of the theory. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
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Joseph Priestley
discovers nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, ammonia, hydrogen chloride and oxygen. -
Edward Jenner
Began vaccinations by using the fluid from cowpox to prevent smallpox. -
Rene Laennec
Rene Laennec was a French physician. He invented the stethoscope in 1816, while working at the Hôpital Necker, and pioneered its use in diagnosing various chest conditions. -
James Blundell
James Blundell was an English obstetrician who performed the first successful transfusion of human blood to a patient for treatment of a hemorrhage. -
Joseph Lister
insisted on CLEAN instruments and hands between patients (used carbolic acid; known as Aseptic technique) -
Period: to
Modern era
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Robert Koch
Discovered that microorganisms (pathogens) are the source of some disease -
Emil von Behring
discovers antitoxins and uses them to develop tetanus and diphtheria vaccines. -
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen was a German[1] mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays. -
Alois Alzheimer
Alois Alzheimer, was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist and a colleague of Emil Kraepelin. Alzheimer is credited with identifying the first published case of "presenile dementia", which Kraepelin would later identify as Alzheimer's disease. -
Charles Herbert Best
Charles Herbert Best was a Canadian medical scientist and one of the co-discoverers of insulin. The other being Sir Frederick Grant Banting. -
Alexander Fleming
Actually it was Sir Alexander Fleming who invented the first antibiotic in 1928, called penicillin. It was considered unsafe and illegal due to lack of testing, so FDA didn't …approve it. -
Sir Harold Gillies
The father of modern plastic surgery is generally considered to have been Sir Harold Gillies. A New Zealand otolaryngologist working in London, he developed many of the techniques of modern facial surgery in caring for soldiers suffering from disfiguring facial injuries during the First World War. -
António Egas Moniz
He is regarded as one of the founders of modern psycho surgery, having developed the surgical procedure leucotomy—known better today as lobotomy. -
John Hopps
The pacemaker was invented by the Canadian John Hopps in 1950. He was an electrical engineer who was doing research on hypothermia. -
Sir Alec Jeffreys
The modern process of DNA profiling was developed in 1984 by Sir Alec Jeffreys while working in the Department of Genetics at the University of Leicester.
