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Period: 500 to Dec 31, 1300
Middle Ages
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900
Rhazes
Discovered the difference between smallpox and measles. -
1097
Trota of Salerno
Trota of Salerno was a medical practitioner and writer in the southern Italian coastal town of Salerno -
1210
William of Saliceto
William of Salicet was an Italian surgeon and cleric in Saliceto. He broke tradition with Galen by claiming that pus formation was bad for wounds and for the patient. -
1260
Henri de Mondeville
Henri de Mondeville was a medieval French surgeon who made a significant number of contributions to anatomy and surgery, and was the first Frenchman to author a surgical text -
1300
Guy de Chauliac
Was a French physician and surgeon who wrote a lengthy and influential treatise on surgery in Latin, titled Chirurgia Magna. -
Period: Jan 1, 1301 to
Renaissance
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1478
Girolamo Fracastoro
An Italian doctor and scholar, suggested that epidemics may come from pathogens outside the body. -
1493
Paracelsus
a German-Swiss doctor, scholar, and occultist, pioneered the use of minerals and chemicals in the body. -
1510
Ambroise Paré
Ambroise Paré was a French barber surgeon who served in that role for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III. -
1514
Andreas Vesalius
A Flemish anatomist and physician, wrote one of the most influential books on human anatomy. -
1578
William Harvey
An English doctor, was the first person to properly describe the systemic circulation and properties of blood. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
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James Lind
A Scottish naval surgeon, discovers that citrus fruits prevent scurvy. -
Edward Jenner
Develops a method to protect people from smallpox by exposing them to the cowpox virus -
Crawford W Long
Uses ether as a general anesthetic during surgery but does not publish his results. Credit goes to dentist William Morton. -
Elizabeth Blackwell
Is the first woman to receive a medical degree (from Geneva Medical College in Geneva, New York). -
Louis Pasteur
Establish the germ theory of disease. According to germ theory, a specific disease is caused by a specific organism. -
Period: to
Modern World
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Karl Landsteiner
An Austrian biologist and physician, identified the different blood types and classified them into blood groups. -
Sir Frederick Banting
Discovered insulin. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Discovered penicillin, which came from the mold Penicillium notatum. -
Willem J. Kolff
A Dutch doctor, built the world's first dialysis machine. He later pioneered artificial organs. -
Dr. John Heysham Gibbon
an American surgeon, invented the heart-lung machine. He also performed the first ever open-heart surgery, repairing an atrial septal defect, also known as a hole in the heart. -
Craig Venter
For the first time the world could read the complete set of human genetic information and begin to discover what our roughly 23,000 genes do. -
Period: to
21st Century
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Jacques Marescaux
The first telesurgery was performed -
Carlo Urbani
Alerted the World Health Organization to the threat of the SARS virus, triggering the most effective response to an epidemic in history. Urbani succumbs to the disease himself in less than a month. -
Jean-Michel Dubernard
Performs the first partial face transplant. -
Laurent Lantieri
Performs the first full face transplant.
