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World War One Conscription Crisis
Prime Minister Borden promised there to be no conscription. He issued the Military Service Act. Which made service compulsory. The French thought it was not their war so they did not want to be conscripted to the war. The french argued that a weekend economy would eventually Canada's political independence. -
Creation of the Union Nationale Party
A party that supported Quebec Nationalism
Relied heavily on the Roman Catholic Church and rural voters
Led by Duplessis
Its platform was based of of improvised working conditions, social insurance programs, publicly owned power companies and a system of farm credits. -
The Duplesiss Era/The Great Darkness 1936-1939 & 1944-1959
He was a staunch roman catholic and political conservative.
He avoided english influence at all costs.
He refused any money from the gov.
The era was known for bad working conditions
He was then considered old fashioned -
World War Two Conscription Crisis
A political and military crisis following the introduction of forced military service in Canada during World War II.
Across Canada, 64.5% of voters were in favour of conscription, with English Canadians voting 83% in favour.
However, many Canadians still did not support immediate conscription; there were a few riots in Montreal, although these were not on the same scale as the 1917 and 1918 riots. -
Quiet Revolution Begins 1960/1962 Maitre Chez Nous
Lesage was (lib) was premier of quebec
Campaigned under the slogan Masters of our own house
He wasnt seeking independence for Quebec but he wanted more control over decisions affecting its future.
He sought out to create a new equal partnership with English Canada.
Quebec went through a rapid reform called the Quite Revolution. Charactereized by secularization. the strengthening of the welfare state massive investments in public education. the unionization of the civil service -
1960s Separatist Movement
Quebec Nationalism and the separatism movement grew in the 60s.
Francophones did not have the right to their own schools and hospitals unlike the rest of Canada.
Francophones were expected to speak english in work and in stores
Some French extremists joined terrorist groups such as the FLQ where the led out with many bombings -
Bi& Bi Commission (Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism) investigation by Lester B. Pearson
Pearson was elected during the Quit revolution. He thought that if he didn't make the French feel like home soon there would be a major crisis. He appointed the Bi and BI commission. It meant that Canada would be Bilingual. Parents would have the choice for their child to go to a school in their desired language. When Trudeau was appointed the french wanted special status and the west did not like the idea. But they were both ignored. -
Canada’s New Flag 1965
For some Canadians the Red Ensign was too British to be the symbol of Modern Canada
Many opposed a new flag because they wanted to keep tradition
French Canada wanted a new flag -
Front de liberation du Quebec LQ Party is formed
Separatist group founded in the1960s andbased primarily in Montreal. The FLQ was virtually unknown group of young french Canadians who occasionally spoke of Marxist objectives.
Committed to using violent actions if necessary to achieve their goals. Some FLQ members received Guerrilla training in selective assassination from Palestinian commandos in Jordan.
From 63-70 the flq committed over 200 political actions including bombings and bank hold ups resulting in at least three deaths by flq bombs -
1967 Canada’s Immigration Policy becomes “Colour Blind”
The Points system is introduced, which assigns potential immigrants points such as education, age, fluent in english or french and job opportunities in Canada -
Trudeau Becomes Prime Minister
He lived a very lavish lifestyle. Going to New York night clubs and hanging with the rich and famous. He was a bachelor until 1971. People thought he was a rockstar entering "Trudeaumania". He thought canada should be a just society. He had a clear vision. To protect the rights and freedoms of people and to foster their economic and social well being. -
Official Languages Act passed, 1969
In 1969 Canada officaly passed an act making Canada Bilingual. All federal services were required to provide service in both languages. and more francophones were appointed to government positions. -
FLQ Crisis (Oct 5, 1970) aka October Crisis,
Trudeau took a stand against Quebec nationalists.
FLQ kidnapped james cross
FLQ wanted inmates released and a public reading of their manifesto
They refused to release any inmates so they kidnapped another offical
War measures act introduced anyone can be arrested
Laporte was murdered and Cross was found after being held 60 days hostage.
The rest of the FLQ fled to Cuba -
Policy of Multiculturalism 1971
Ethnic groups were encouraged to express their culture more
Multicultural actives were held across the country
Programs were created to make immigrants feel safe at home in Canada
Prevented racism by promoting respect for other cultures. -
1974 Bill 22 introduced by Robert Bourassa
A provincial legislation aimed at protecting the french language
Made french the official sole language of Quebec.
forced hundreds of thousands workers to be forced out of the country because they didn't know the language
Toronto surpassed Montreal becoming the business capital of Canada. -
Immigration policy Moves to ‘Sponsorship Program’
It was the first immigration act to clearly outline the fundamental objectives of Canadian immigration policy. Immigration regulations changed to allow immigration of family members with relatives already in Canada. A key feature of the act was the requirement of a minister that would be responsible for immigration. they would work closely with the provinces in immigration planning and management. This policy was widely supported by most parliamentary parties. -
Parti Quebecois Wins Provincial Election on Quebec
This was a surprising win for René Lévesque and his party, as they only won seven seats in 1970.He stated that he would not automatically separate, but instead hold a province wide referendum on the issue.After taking office the PQ government passed Bill 101, the terms where -French language was the official language of the province, government employees had to work in french. commercial outdoor signs would be in French only.Children of immigrants would be required to attend french schools -
Bill 101 Introduced by Parti Quebecois, Rene Levesque
The PQ government passed Bill 101, also referred to as the "Charter of the French Language" The terms consisted of - French language was the official language of the province, government employees had to work in french. commercial outdoor signs would be in French only. Children of immigrants would be required to attend french schools. To non francophones Bill 101 was a symbol of oppression, and many people in Canada felt the PQ`s policies were extreme. -
Bill 101 passed
The PQ government passed Bill 101, also referred to as the "Charter of the French Language" The terms consisted of - French language was the official language of the province, government employees had to work in french. commercial outdoor signs would be in French only. Children of immigrants would be required to attend french schools. To non francophones Bill 101 was a symbol of oppression, and many people in Canada felt the PQ`s policies were extreme. -
1980 Referendum on Sovereignty Association
The government made its proposal to negotiate a new agreement with the rest of Canada public. The PQ government of René Lévesque called a referendum on Quebec sovereignty. Lévesque wanted to negotiate a new agreement with Canada. he based this off of whet he called sovereignty-association, this meant that Quebec would be politically independent but would still maintain economic association with Canada. This was the first referendum in Quebec. -
1982 Patriation of the Constitution.
Canada patriated its constitution. This transformed Canadas biggest law, the British North American Act, from the authority of the British Parliament to Canada`s federal and provincial legislatures. The constitution was also updated with a new amending formula and a charter of rights. Canadian governments had been trying and failing to agree on a way of patriating and reforming the country original constitution -
1982 Constitution Act
the Canadian constitution prohibits discrimination against individuals based on ethnicity, religion, sex or disability. The Constitution Act, enshrined the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in the Constitution. It completed the unfinished business of Canadian independence allowing Canadians to amend their own Constitution without requiring approval from Britain. -
Brian Mulroney becomes Prime Minister
Martin Brian Mulroney was a lawyer businessman politician and became the prime minister of canada in 1984. Martin Brian was the leader of the Progressive Conservative party, He brought in the Free Trade Agreement with the United States, and passed the unpopular Goods and Services Tax. He was also knows for his effort in trying to get Quebec to sign the Constitution, he was unsuccessful. -
Meech Lake Accord 1987
Conservative government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney attempted to win Québec's consent to the revised Canadian Constitution this was following the Québec government's rejection of it in 1981.The result was the Beech Lake Accord, this was an agreement between the federal and provincial governments to amend the Constitution by strengthening provincial powers and declaring Québec a "distinct society." -
Bloc Quebecois Formed 1987
The Parti Québécois is a nationalist political party formed in Québec in 1968. René Lévesque was the PQ’s first leader and held that position until 1985. The party was elected to its first term in office in 1976.The Parti Québécois was founded on 13 October 1968 through the merger of the Mouvement souveraineté-association. -
1987 Reform Party Created
The Reform Party of Canada is a Western-based political party that grew out of discontented with Western interest groups.The party's platform included traditional prairie populist reform such as free trade and direct democracy. they also had some contemporary proposals such as the Triple-E Senate. The Triple-E included equal, elected and effective. -
1988 Department of Multiculturalism formed
This Act "provided a legislative framework for the official policy of multiculturalism adopted by the government in 1971." The goal of this act was to protect cultural heritage of Canadians,reduce discrimination and encourage the implementation of multicultural programs. This act came out of the 1987 report on multiculturalism issued by the parliamentary standing committee. -
1990 Meech Lake Accord
Conservative government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney attempted to win Québec's consent to the revised Canadian Constitution this was following the Québec government's rejection of it in 1981.The result was the Beech Lake Accord, this was an agreement between the federal and provincial governments to amend the Constitution by strengthening provincial powers and declaring Québec a "distinct society." -
1992 Charlottetown Accord
The Charlottetown Accord of 1992 was a failed, joint attempt by prime minister Brian Mulroney`s government and all 10 provincial premiers. They tried to amend the Canadian Constitution, specifically to obtain Quebec's consent to the Constitution Act of 1982. The accord would have also decentralized many federal powers -
1994 Parti Quebecois returned to power
The Parti Québécois won 77 out of 125 seats in the 1994 provincial election and formed a government under its leader, Jacques Parizeau. The Parti Québécois had informal ties with the Bloc Québécois, a Quebec separatist party that captured most of the province’s seats in the House of Commons in the 1993 federal elections they served as the country official opposition -
30 Oct 1995 2nd Referendum on Sovereignty Association
The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country. Altho they still wanted political and economic support from Canada they wanted to be independent. The referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau. -
1998 Clarity Bill and the Supreme Court decision
The Clarity act also known as Bill C-20. "Bill C-20 gives effect to the requirement for clarity set out by the Supreme Court of Canada in the Québec Secession Reference." The Bill also states "under what prior conditions the federal government is subject to political obligation to negotiate secession resulting from a referendum that has satisfied the requirements for clarity as defined"
