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Aug 30, 1492
Christopher Colombus discovers America
Christopher Colombus set sail across the Atlantic. He stopped at what he assumed was China. Instead he had discoveres America, an entire continent. -
Period: Aug 30, 1492 to
First Nations - Amerindians
The first nations of North America occupy their territory. They have a distinct lifestyle. (they were in North America long before 1492, but the timeline wouls have been very outestretched) -
Aug 30, 1534
Jacques Cartier's first voyage
French Explorer Jacques Cartier embarked on his first voyage during which he mapped the Gulf of St-Lawrence and discovered what he mistook as gold. He also discovered lots of fish, timber, and furs. -
Aug 3, 1535
Jacques Cartier's second voyage
French Explorer Jacques Cartier embarked on his second voyage during which he sailed up the St-Lawrence, reached Stadacona (Quebec). Nice natives showed Europeans how to survive winter and scurvy. They return with native captives (incl. Chief Donacona). -
Aug 30, 1541
Jacques Cartier's third voyage
French explorer Jacques Cartier embarked on his third voyage during which he attemped to set up a colony unsuccessfully. Missionaries attempted to convert the natives. After this last voyage, France lost interest in the territory for 60yrs. -
Tadoussac is founded
It was France's first trading post on the mainland of New France and an important trading post in the seventeenth century -
Port Royal is founded
The king first sent a voyage in 1605 to establish a settlement in Nova Scotia called Port Royal. Port Royal failed because of its position (too far east… Natives did not want to travel that far for trade.) -
Quebec is founded
Samuel de Champlain, who was a part of Port Royal, returned in 1608-09 to establish a trading post near Stadacona (Quebec.), a point where the river narrows. There, furs were traded with the Natives… (Algonkians) -
Period: to
French Regime
settlement and fur trade -
Company of one Hundred Associates
In 1628 the French government granted the company of 100 associates a monopoly on the fur trade in New France. In return the company was supposed to bring over 4000 French Catholics to settle down in new France over the next 15 years. -
Seigneurial system in New France
The seigneurial system was introduced to New France in 1627 by Cardinal Richelieu. Under this system, the lands were arranged in long narrow strips, called seigneuries, along the banks of the St. Lawrence River. Each piece of land belonged to the king of France and was maintained by the landlord, or seigneur. -
Trois-Rivieres is founded
The Sieur of Laviolette founds a new trading post -
Montreal is founded
Paul Chonmedey de Maisonneuve founded a new major trading post deeper into the St-Lawrence river. -
Jeanne Mance founds the Hotel-Dieu de Montreal
Jeanne Mance founds the first hospital in New France in Montreal. -
Congregation of Notre Dame of Montreal
It was established by Marguerite Bourgeoys who sought to create a religious community for women where the sisters would not be confined to a convent but be allowed to live among and help the less fortunate. The Congregation held an important role in the development of New France as it offered education to girls in their boarding school, watched over newly arrived women to the colony and served as missionaries to the Aboriginal people. -
Louis XIV becomes the king of France
In 1661 he took control of France for himself. He had two objectives: settle wars in Europe, and take command of his colonies. -
Establishment of Royal Government
The king ended the monopoly and placed New France under the Minister of Marine who at the time was Jean-Baptiste Colbert. He and Louis decided to implement Royal Government in 1663. -
- 1760: increase in population
Talon arranged for settlers to come to New France, including over 1,000 women known as the filles du roi – the king's daughters. He encouraged population growth through marriage grants and baby bonuses, which was financial compensation given to a couple when they married, and again when they had children. From 1663 to 1760 the population grew from 3,000 to 70,000 -
Jean Talon becomes Intendant
Talon attempted to change the economic base of the colony from fur-trading to agriculture, but found this could not be accomplished without a larger population. He tried to diversify the economy by introducing agriculture of hops and flax as well as mining. -
Sieur de la Salle begins expeditions
René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de La Salle was a French explorer. He explored the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, the Mississippi River, and the Gulf of Mexico. La Salle claimed the entire Mississippi River basin for France. -
Treaty of Ryswick
The treaty settled the first Intercolonial war in Europe, the Nine Years' War, which pitted France against the Grand Alliance of England, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire and the United Provinces. -
Treaty of Utrecht
The Treaty of Utrecht, which established the Peace of Utrecht, comprises a series of individual peace treaties, rather than a single document, signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession. It ended the second Intercolonial war in Europe -
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle of 1748 ended the War of the Austrian Succession, the third Intercolonial war in Europe. -
- 1763 The Seven Years War
The Seven Years' War was a world war that took place between 1756 and 1763. It involved most of the great powers of the time and affected Europe, North America, Central America, the West African coast, India, and the Philippines. This is the fourth Intercolonial war. -
Fall of Louisbourg
The Siege of Louisbourg was a pivotal battle of the Seven Years' War. The British fleet sieged the settlement and won the battle. -
Battle of the Plains of Abraham and fall of Quebec
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, also known as the Battle of Quebec, was a pivotal battle in the Seven Years' War. The battle, which began on 13 September 1759, was fought between the British Army and Navy, and the French Army, on a plateau just outside the walls of Quebec City, on land that was originally owned by a farmer named Abraham Martin, hence the name. The British army, led by General Wolfe, was victorious. -
First "Canadien" society
In New France the people were very autonomous and by 1760 grew to become a distinct set of people called Canadien (13 colonies are becoming Americans at the time). It is therefore no surprise that these distinct people would remain here after the British Conquest. -
Capitulation in Montreal
The SEVEN YEARS' WAR drew to an end during the summer of 1760 as British forces advancing up the St. Lawrence River from Québec, down the river from Lake Ontario and down the Richelieu River, drove the French and their native allies back to the island of Montréal. The French troops waited out the winter in Montreal, and then in September a document was signed giving the terms under which the French would surrender. The document was called the articles of capitulation. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. It ended the Seven Years' War, The Treaty was made possible by the British victory over France and Spain, and marked the beginning of an era of British dominance outside Europe. -
Royal Proclamation Constitution
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the Seven Years' War, The purpose of the proclamation was to organize Great Britain's new North American empire and to stabilize relations with Native North Americans through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier. -
Period: to
British Rule
Great Britain has won the Seven Year War and take possession of France's North American colony. (The timespan shown shows the british rule until the end of term 1 material, although it continues after 1854.) -
Stamp Act
The Stamp Act of 1765 was a direct tax imposed by the British Parliament on the colonies of British America. The act required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London, carrying an embossed revenue stamp. -
Governor Murray is recalled to Great Britain
As governor, James Murray was sympathetic to the French-Canadians, favouring them over British merchants who came to settle in the wake of the conquest and allowed the continuance of French civil law. The dissatisfaction of British settlers led to his recall in 1766 -
Quebec Act
The Quebec Act of 1774 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain setting procedures of governance in the Province of Quebec. This second Constitution guarantees French Canadian loyalty, enlarges the area of Quebec, Denies an elected assembly, Appoints a council (min.17 members) and maintains French civil laws, tithe and seigniorial system. -
Beginning of American Revolution
The American Revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America. -
Treaty of Versailles
With the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1783, the independence of the 13 original colonies from Britain was acknowledged, thus forming the United States of America. -
The Constitutional Act
The Constitutional Act split the Province of Quebec into two parts: Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Each one was granted a legislative assembly and its own representative government. -
James Watt invents steam power
James watt invents steam power, which enabled the invention of stteam engines, locomotives, and boats. -
Timber Trade replaces fur trade
The timber trade thrives once Britain deicdes to get its wood from their colony. The fur trade is replaced because of lack of demand in Europe. -
The War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States and those of the British Empire. The United States declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions brought about by Britain's ongoing war with France, the impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support of American Indian tribes against American expansion, outrage over insults to national honour after humiliations on the high seas, and possible American desi -
Steam powered locomotives and boats are invented in Britain
Steam powered transportation is a major technological step forward. These machines began to appear in Europe to facilitate trade. -
Immigration from Great Britain to their North American colony
The Irish with land planted potatoes the staple crop of Ireland because of it was healthy, filling, and a tough crop. The price of rent increased with the Napoleonic wars, making land even tougher to hold onto. Disaster occurred when a blight (bug) destroyed the potato crop and millions of Irish were starving this is known in history as the Irish Potato Famine. The Irish were forced to find somewhere new to live and many came to North America. -
Parti patriote begins
The Parti Canadien, who wished to obtain a responsible government, becomes known as the Parti Patriote and is led by Louis-Joseph Papineau. Papineau had been leading the Parti Canadien since 1815 -
The 92 resolutions
Louis Joseph Papineau wrote 92 Resolutions (a list of the assemblies demands) their main demand was for Responsible Government (for the members of the councils to be selected from the elected assembly) and the government made up by the people would be responsible for its decisions. -
Canada begins a railway system
A railway system is begun in 1836 with the CHAMPLAIN AND SAINT-LAWRENCE RAILROAD -
The 10 Resolutions
Lord John Russell responded with the 10 Resolutions (solutions which didn’t solve any of the Patriotes main demands, in fact it gave more power to councils) This response was taken as an insult and rebellions broke out in both Upper and Lower Canada. -
-1838 Rebellions in Lower Canada and Upper Canada
The Rebellions of 1837 were two armed uprisings that took place in Lower and Upper Canada in 1837 and 1838. In Lower Canada, the rebels were victorious in St-Denis,but were crushed in both St-Charles and St-Eustache. -
Lord Durham investigates
Lord Durham was sent to the Canada’s to give his opinion on what to do.
Lord Durham’s Recommendations:
•Britain should increase immigration in order to assimilate the French.
•The two Canada’s should be united (eng. now have majority)
•Responsible Government should be granted to eliminate veto power. -
Act of Union (4th constitution)
After Lord Durham's report, Great Britain came up with solutions to the colony's major issues. these were the major changes:
1.Creates the Prov. of Canada consisting of Canada East and West (former upper and lower Canada).
2.Canada east and west each had 42 members to its
assembly
3.Governor still had control and veto power
4.Canada east and west would equally pay for Canada’s debts (Cdn West owed 10X). -
Executive council changes
The Prime minister would select members of the executive council from the legislative assembly. This is a step toward responsible government. -
Responsible Government
Governor Lord Elgin would be the first to not use his veto powers, and allow the Prime minister(majority holder) to have executive powers. Therefore, responsible government was granted and the executive council had the power to propose laws to the legislative assembly. -
Canadian Currency
Canada creates its own currency. -
Seigneurial system abolished
Britain abolishes the seigneurial system -
Treaty of Reciprocity
Britain ends it’s preferential treatment with Canada in order to explore new markets, they establish Free Trade. (no customs or duties) Canada needed a new trade alliance and looked to its neighbor: Canada signs a Reciprocity treaty with the USA in 1854 (to last 10 yrs). This treaty meant customs/duties between the two countries temporarily ceased. This was advantageous for Canadian producers, because the states were such a large market.
