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449
INTRODUCTION
The English language is the mother tongue and main communication system in the following countries, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and other countries of British influence, where it is understood and spoken by the vast majority of its inhabitants. The information was taken from the video https://www.youtube.com/watch time_continue=64&v=YEaSxhcns7Y Image taken: https://www.magisnet.com/2020/11/los-10-mandamientos-de-la-pronunciacion-en-ingles/ -
450
EVOLUTION OF ENGLISH
The evolution of English recognizes three main stages: the first is Old English, also known as Anglo-Saxon, during the years 449 and 1066 or 1100; the second is Middle English, which spans from 1066 or 1100 to 1500; and the third is the modern one, with two stages, the classical, from 1500 to 1660, and the contemporary, from 1660 to the present day.
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451
OLD ENGLISH
The English language began as a variant of West Germanic, a language that was brought to the island in 449 by the Jute, Anglo and Saxon invaders. From that moment on, this nation that originally belonged to the culture of the Celts (especially that of the Bretons), became dominated by invaders who brought a language and a culture called Anglo-Saxon.
Image taken from: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_anglosaj%C3%B3n -
701
INFLUENCE OF THE OLD NORDIC
The English language suffered from the influence of the Old Norse from the 8th century, this was due to the Viking invasions during that time. Thanks to this fact, a series of words related to the sea and navigation were added, and others related to social organization, such as law, take, cut, both ('law', 'take', 'cut', 'both' ) and are, conjugated form of the verb to be. Image taken from: https://www.unprofesor.com/ciencias-sociales/invasiones-vikingas-en-europa-resumen-2115.html -
801
THE WEST SAXON
West Saxon was the language of greatest diffusion in written prose, this was thanks to King Alfred the Great, who was the first legislator of England. The works of Saint Augustine, Saint Gregory and Bede the Venerable were translated from Latin by him. In addition, the dialect of the Angles was the language in which the epic poem Beowulf was written.
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1001
LATIN INFLUENCE
The English language was influenced by Latin in two different moments: the first moment was due to contact with the Roman Empire and the second moment was with the arrival and evangelization of Saint Augustine, until the 11th century. The following words related to the religious lexicon come from this time, such as altar, priest, psalm ('altar', 'priest', 'psalm', respectively).
Image taken from: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%B3nica_anglosajona -
1066
INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH
The evolution of English continued and from the Norman Conquest in 1066, Middle English began. The language that started I feel flexed and determined at the end of this period happened to be determined by the syntactic order.
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1200
CHANGES IN MIDDLE ENGLISH
Around the year 1200 there were some changes in the language, one of them was that the three or four endings of the singular name were reduced to two; also the indication of the plural was the ending -es. changes are also seen in that all final vowels are neutralized in -e. As a curious fact, the only ancient plural form that survives in modern language is that of the word ox, which makes oxen.
Image taken from: https://historiaybiografias.com/hasting/ -
1201
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE NORMANS TO THE ANGLOSAJÓN
The contribution of the Normans to the Anglo-Saxon language was around 900 words, these came from the educated classes that spoke French. Some words were baron and noble terms that the popular classes were unaware of. In addition, words related to government, church, army, court manners, arts, teaching, and medicine were introduced.
Image taken from: https://www.muyhistoria.es/edad-media/articulo/anglosajones-y-normandos-hastings-la-batalla-final-191491905632 -
1401
CHANGING THE VOCAL SYSTEM
During the transition from Middle English to Modern English between the 15th and 16th centuries, phonetic changes occurred in the pronunciation of vowels, this was called the great vowel mutation by the linguist Otto Jespersen, which consisted of altering the articulation of vowels in relation to with the positions of the lips and tongue. In this fact, 18 of the 20 vowels that Middle English had changed.
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1500
MODERN ENGLISH: CLASSIC STAGE
In the year 1500, English had an increase in vocabulary, this was thanks to the diffusion and the loans it receives from other languages. The Renaissance revives interest in Greek and Latin, and some terms are taken from these languages, such as drama, enigma or climate. Later, travelers bring new language terms such as Italian, Portuguese and Spanish.
Image taken from: https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/historia-del-idioma-ingles-043e7d61-0cfc-446a-b6ad-3f0c384bc65d -
DEVELOPMENT AND DISSEMINATION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
During the nineteenth century until now occurs the greatest development and dissemination of the English language. Numerous words are added thanks to the British colonial expansion. Thus, they are Americanisms, canoe, raccoon, wigwam, llama; africanisms, chimpanzee and zebra; they come from India, bandanna, curry and punch; and from Australia, kangaroo and boomerang.
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AMERICAN ENGLISH
An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828), was the important one by Noah Webster, this was the most comprehensive dictionary with the largest number of words of the time. It was also the first dictionary that differentiated the American use of English. Video taken from: https: //www.youtube.com/watch? V = 7Xe-Jqgi01k -
BRITISH COLONIZATION
The evolution of American English, which encompasses the varieties spoken in the United States and Canada, occurred thanks to the British colonization of some areas of North America and territorial expansion in the 19th century. Image taken from: https://transpanish.biz/es/blog_traduccion/idioma-ingles/ -
THE ENGLISH OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
During the 20th century, it was the educated speakers of the United Kingdom who pronounced according to the accepted pronunciation (recieved pronunciation). This cultured standard belongs to private boarding schools, the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and characterizes the pronunciation of the BBC.
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THE BASIC ENGLISH CALL
The British Odgen and Richards in the late 1920s published a simplification of English which they called Basic English. Which is used in the teaching of this language as a second language. According to this publication, it is in writing where the greatest degree of difficulty is found. Image taken from: http://inglesputo.blogspot.com/ -
THE FUTURE OF THE LANGUAGE
Given the influence of the mass media, with the passing of time it has influenced a uniformity of pronunciation, writing, and even tried to make adjustments in writing to phonetics. It only remains to say that the English language has a tendency to grow and change, it has also become the most important international language. Image taken from: https://es.123rf.com/photo_49060158_ingl%C3%A9s-brit%C3%A1nico-inglaterra-idioma-concepto-de-educaci%C3%B3n.html
