-
100
Cro-Magnon Cave paintings 35-40K BC
35000 BC -
101
Sophists 500 BC
Sophists: First teaching methods to incorporate technology, albeit primitive 500 BC -
102
Socratic Method of Inquiry Socrates 470-399 BC
According to Paul Saettler, Socrates's method of inquiry was "perhaps his most important educational contribution" (Saettler, L. P. ,1990, p.26). Saettler, L. P. (1990). The evolution of American educational technology. Englewood, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited. George S. Thompson -
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Abelard Scholastic Method
Similarities to construcivism where students were expected to arrive at own reaonable conclusions re: teacher guidance -
Comenius 1592-1670
Comenius “first true forerunner of modern educational technology” (Saettler, 1990, p. 31). -
Lancasterian Monitorial Instruction Joseph Lancaster 1778-1838
Lancasterian Monitorial Instruction: Group instruction methods, classroom and school financial management methods -
Pestalozzi (1746-1827) Psychological Methodology of Instruction
Oswego system in United States based on Pestalozzi's methods, including the object-lesson plan, 1860 -
Froebel's (1782-1852) Educational Theory
Kindergarten System, first kindergarten in United States in 1855 -
Herbart (1776-1841) System of Instruction
Herbart was a proponent of psychological principles to drive instruction -
School Museums
Use of media to enhance instruction in museums echoed precpets of Comenius's method of using nature to guide instruction. -
Use of electronic media for instruction, films, radio
First catalog of intructional films published, 1910 -
Extenisve use of films for instruction by military
WW II 1940, the urgency of war precipitated an exponential growth in sytems of instructional design based on psychological principles, shades of Herbart -
Rapid growth of Instructional Television
Rapid growth of Instructional television began in the 1950's. -
Beginnnings of computer aided instruction 1950's
Developed as a result of IBM initiative -
Criterion Referenced testing
Criterion referenced testing delimited sets of standards and to measure learning drove instructional design to create reference points of learning, aka objectives, as in object teaching foreshadowed by Pestalozzi and Froebel. -
Robert M. Gagne Models of Instructional Design
Scientifically considered systems of instruction, likely foreshadowed the development of modules of instruction in CAI and constructivist principles of self directed learning since learning objectives were packaged in those systems. -
ARPANET
First message sent on The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), the first successful routing by packet switching of digital data to a destination.
Abbate, J. E . (n.d.). “From ARPANET to Internet: A history of ARPA-sponsored computer networks”. Retrieved September 30, 2012, from http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI9503730/ -
Early 1970's actual beginnings of educational technology field
Based on Skinner's programmed instruction and the rapid devlopment of audio/visual and digital technologies, educational technology became viable acameic field. -
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990), Programmed Instruction
The ascendancy of programmed instruction based on behavioral empirical, principles as espoused by B.F. Skinner -
Apple II
Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak created Apple II, the first microcomputer with practical uses for both personal and business use, and of course, educational potential.
Linzmayer, O. (2004). Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the World’s Most Colorful Company. No Starch Press. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=mXnw5tM8QRwC&pgis=1 -
Rapid growth of use of computers in education 1990's
The creation of personal computers and the operating systems to run them by Microsoft and Apple provided the means for the now ubiquitous use of computers in education and personal and professional use -
Ascendancy of the internet in learning
As technology developed viables means of delivering instruction and content, the exponential growth of educational technology was a natural consequence. -
Birth of Microsoft
Allen and Bill Gates formed Microsoft after being hired to write an operating system in BASIC for the Altair, the first mail-order build-it-yourself computer kit. The impact on education (and the world) was transformational.
Zacharogeorgas, L. G. (2005). Microsoft Windows: The evolution of a revolutionary product. Retrieved September 27, 2012 from http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Publication/13354102/microsoft-windows-the-evolution-of-a-revolutionary-product