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Period: Jan 1, 1000 to Dec 1, 1492
High and Late Middle Ages
Nation - State: A political unit, that has to have territory, boundaries, political organization that controls its own internal and foreign affairs, a population and it must be recognized as a political unit. -
Jan 1, 1066
William the Conqueror
William was the king of England in 1066. He accomplished a full census in 1086, which resulted in the Doomsday Book. This benefited the nation-state because the use of his Doomsday Book helped construct a highly efficient taxing system. Even so, his Doomsday Book held beneficial use to many other monarchs that took place after him. For example, William's successor created a royal exchequer, to collect taxes, fees, and fines. -
Jan 1, 1200
Frederick Barbarossa Arranges Important Marriage
Barbarossa had successfully managed to arrange a marriage between his son, Henry, and Constance, the heiress to Sicily and southern Italy. This move improved the nation-state by making German emperors more entangled with Italian affairs. -
Mar 20, 1215
King John Signs Magna Carta
The Magna Carta shaped English government for many years to come. It contained 2 important ideas: 1.) Nobles had rights, which would later be extended to all citizens, and 2.) the documents forced monarchs to obey the same laws as others. -
Jan 1, 1271
Marco Polo Explores China
Marco Polo was a Venetian who set out for China in 1271 with his father and uncle. He went to China, and stayed for many years. Upon returning home, he wrote a book about his experience, which was doubted by some Europeans. This travel benefited the nation-state by expanding Europe's horizon. This brought Europe in a "wider world" ever since it has been cut off from the major fall of the Roman Empire. This also influenced a spark for Europe's desire to trade with India and China in the 1400s. -
Jan 1, 1429
Joan of Arc Accomplishes Many Victories
A 17-year old peasant woman who appeared at the court of Charles VII in 1429 claiming she was sent by God. Due to the desperation of the uncrowned king, Charles, he authorized her to lead an army against the English. She won a plethora of fights in a one year time-span. This improved the nation-state by having many of their battles lead to victory, as her actions "planted the seeds for future triumphs."