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Period: Sep 13, 1000 to Sep 14, 1492
The High And Late Middle Ages
Nation State - A political unit, that has to have territory, boundaries, political organization that controls it's own internal and foreign affairs, a population and it must be recognized by other political units. -
Sep 15, 1054
The Feud Between Pope And Emperor
In 1054, Henry IV was crowned king of Germany; later he also became Holy Roman emperor. At that time, Gregory VII was pope. During Their reigns, the conflict between monarchs and the Church erupted. He lifted the order of excommunication, and Henry quickly returned to Germany to subdue his rebellious nobles. He also took revenge on Gregory by leading an army to Rome and forcing the pope into exile. Finally In 1122, both sides accepted a treaty known as the Concordant of Worms (vawrmz). -
Sep 18, 1096
The Crusades
By 1096, thousands of knights were on their way to the Holy Land. Urban hoped to increase his power in Europe and perhaps heal the schism, or split, between the Roman and Byzantine churches. Urban also hopes that the Crusades would set Christian knights to fighting Muslims instead of one another. In 1145, when Pope Eugene II called for a Second Crusade, he Chose Bernard Of Clairvaux to preach the cause. Bernard responded urging men to fight in the "cause of Christ". But the Second Crusade Failed -
Sep 18, 1100
Medieval Universities Emerge
By The 1100s , Europe was experiencing dynamic changes. A more reliable food supply and the growth of trade and towns were signs of increased prosperity. As economic and political conditions improved in the High Middle Ages, the need for education expanded. Some of these cathedral schools evolved into the first universities. They were organized like guilds, with charters to protect the rights of members and established standards for training. -
Sep 13, 1215
King John Signs Magna Carta
The Magna Carta shaped English government for many years to come. It contained 2 important ideas; 1) Nobles had rights, which would later be extended to all citizens and 2) The document forced monarchs to obey the same laws as others. -
Sep 15, 1295
The Development Of Parliament
In keeping with the Magna Carta, English rulers often called on the Great Council evolved into Parliament, which later became England's legislature.Parliament helped form the nation state. As Parliament acquired a larger role in government, it helped unify England. In 1295, King Edward i summoned Parliament to approve money for his wars in France. Over the centuries, Parliament gained the crucial "Power Of Purse": the right to approve any new taxes.