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At the beginning of the 13th century,the king of Castile formed an alliance with Aragón and Navarre against the Almohads,who had invaded the Peninsula and put a stop to the southward expansion of the Christian kingdoms.
The coalition of the Christian kingdoms won the battle. -
Called the Saint (el Santo), was King of Castile from 1217 and King of León from 1230 as well as King of Galicia from 1231.[1] He was the son of Alfonso IX of León and Berenguela of Castile. Through his second marriage he was also Count of Aumale. Ferdinand III was one of the most successful kings of Castile, securing not only the permanent union of the crowns of Castile and León, but also masterminding the most expansive campaign of Reconquista yet.
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The two kingdoms were finally unified when Ferdinand III inherited the kingdom of Leòn from his father and the kingdom of Castile from his mother.
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The Castillian and aragonese troops met in Murcia. Alfonso X and James I signed the treaty of Almizra, which meant that remained part of Castile.
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During the imperial election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be King of the Romans (Latin: Rex Romanorum; German: Römisch-deutscher König) on 1 April. He renounced his imperial claim in 1275, and in creating an alliance with England in 1254, his claim on Gascony as well.
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After the union of castile and León, Ferdinand III and Alfonso X conquered the Guadalquivir valley ,and reached Huelva and Cadiz.
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King Alfonso X was aware of the importance of livestock in his kingdoms and established the Mesta, an association that looked after the interests of livestock farmers.
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Called the Brave , was the King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1284 to his death. He was the second son of Alfonso X and Yolanda, daughter of James I of Aragon.
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During his minority, his upbringing and the custody of his person were entrusted to his mother, Queen María de Molina, while his tutorship was entrusted to the Infante Henry of Castile the Senator, son of King Fernando III of Castile. At that time, and also for the rest of his reign, his mother tried to placate the nobility, confronted her son's enemies, and repeatedly prevented Ferdinand IV from being dethroned.
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called the Avenger (el Justiciero), was the king of Castile, León and Galicia. He was the son of Ferdinand IV of Castile and his wife Constance of Portugal. Upon his father's death in 1312, several disputes ensued over who would hold regency, which were resolved in 1313.
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One of the most important battles of the last period of the Reconquest. In it, the combined forces of Castile and Portugal
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Was the father of Sancho IV.Fernando II and Juan de Haro - son of the deceased tutor Juan and uncle second of the king - divided the kingdom on the occasion of their aspirations to the regency, while it was sacked by the Moors and noble rebels. Alfonso, once declared of age in 1325, assumed the throne, achieving during his reign the strengthening of royal power, the resolution of the problems of the Straits of Gibraltar and the conquest of Algeciras.
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Called the Cruel (el Cruel) or the Just (el Justo),[a] was the king of Castile and León from 1350 to 1369. Peter was the last ruler of the main branch of the House of Ivrea.
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Henry of Trastamara promised the nobels he would expand their privilege if they helped him remove Peter I from the throne and a violent civil war began. Henry II became the new king.
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Called the Fratricide (el Fratricida), was the first King of Castile and León.
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He was the son of Henry II and of his wife Juana Manuel of Castile. He was the last monarch of Castile to receive a formal coronation.
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called the Mourner, was the son of John I and Eleanor of Aragon. He succeeded his father as King of Castile in 1390.
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John was the son of King Henry III and his wife, Catherine of Lancaster. His mother was the granddaughter of King Peter, who was ousted by Henry III's grandfather, King Henry II.
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Nicknamed the Impotent (ruled 1454–1474), was the last of the weak late medieval kings of Castile. During Henry's reign the nobles increased in power and the nation became less centralised.
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Her marriage to Ferdinand II of Aragon became the basis for the political unification of Spain under their grandson, Charles V. After a struggle to claim her right to the throne, she reorganized the governmental system, brought the crime rate to the lowest it had been in years, and unburdened the kingdom of the enormous debt her brother had left behind. Her reforms and those she made with her husband had an influence that extended well beyond the borders of their united kingdoms.
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The Castilian Civil War was a war of succession over the Kingdom of Castile that lasted from 1475 to 1479. The conflict started after the death of king Alfonso XI of Castile in March
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The Christians took advantage over the Muslims and started to conquered Al-Andalus until they conquerd the last kingdom, Granada in 1492.
