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1419
Henry, king of Portugal, founded the Navigation school.
Prince Henry's school of navigation resulted in a breakthrough for Portuguese navigation. -
1436
The invention of Gutenberg,s printing press
Gutenberg invented the movable-type printing press, which started the Printing Revolution. -
May 29, 1453
The Fall of Constantinople
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Oct 12, 1492
The Discovery of America
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1494
Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas
The governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created. -
1513
Ponce de Leon discovers Florida
Ponce de León decided to invest much of his earnings in exploring the lands north of Puerto Rico and arrived in Florida. -
1517
Martin Luther begins the Reformation in Wittenberg
Marín Luther published a document he called Disputation on the Power of Indulgences, or 95 Theses. -
1517
Martin Luther posts the 95 Theses
95 Theses against papal indulgences, or the atonement of sins through monetary payment, on the door of the church at Wittenberg in Germany. -
1521
Cortes conquers Aztec Empire
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conqueror, who is remembered for conquering the Aztec Empire claiming Mexico for Spain. -
1521
Pope excommunicated Luther
Pope Leo X issues the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem, which excommunicates Martin Luther from the Catholic Church. -
1533
Pizarro conquers Inca Empire
Pizarro's victory at Cajamarca, that effectively marked the end of the Inca Empire and the beginning of the European colonization of South America. -
1533
Henry VIII seeks to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon
Driven by lust, Henry sought to seek an annulment from his first wife Catherine. -
1534
Parliament approves the formation of the English Church (Act of Supremacy)
The Act of Supremacy defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England. -
1534
English king, Henry VIII starts the Church of England
Henry VIII created the Church of England as a religious body unique from the Roman Catholic Church in order to achieve his goal of divorcing his first wife -
1534
Ignatius Loyola founds the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
The first Jesuits–Ignatius and six of his students–took vows of poverty and chastity and made plans to work for the conversion of Muslims. -
1536
John Calvin publishes the Institutes of the Christian Religion
His book is considered a defining book of the Reformation and a pillar of Protestant theology. -
1537
Pope Paul III begins the Council of Trent
The Council of Trent was a general council of Christendom which gathered to resolve the religious differences created by the Protestant revolt. -
1540
Coronado discovers Arizona, Texas, Kansas and New Mexico
Coronado led a major Spanish expedition up Mexico's western coast and into the region that is now the southwestern United States. -
1545
Council of Trento mandates reforms in Catholic Church
The Council of Trent reaffirmed the authority and centrality of the Catholic Church, established seminaries for a better-educated clergy, and condemned the Protestant Reformation as heresy. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg recognizes the Lutheran Church
It was the first permanent legal basis for the coexistence of Lutheranism and Catholicism in Germany, -
Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine
It was the first machine to be powered by steam and was largely used to pump water out of mines. -
Seven Years´ War
It was a global conflict that involved most of the European great powers. -
James Hargreaves spinning jenny
It is a multi-spindle spinning frame, it was one of the key developments in the industrialization of textile during the Industrial Revolution. -
James Watt’s steam engine
It was of a device to reduce the amount of waste produced by the Newcomen steam engine. -
Abraham Darby’s blast furnace
It was used coke instead of charcoal to generate higher temperatures. -
Boston Tea Party
It was an act of protest in which a group of American settlers dumped crates of tea into Boston Harbor. -
First Continental Congress
It was a meeting of delegates from the British colonies. -
Battle of Concord and Lexington
The Battles of Concord and Lexington were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. -
Second Continental Congress
The Second Continental Congress was a late-18th-century meeting of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that united in support of the American Revolutionary War. -
USA Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence is the founding document. This announced the separation of 13 North American British colonies from Great Britain. -
George Washington crosses the Delaware
During the American Revolutionary War, was the first move in a surprise attack organized by George Washington against Hessian forces. -
Saratoga Battle
It was one of the most important wars fought during the American Revolutionary War. -
French Treaty of Alliance
Through the alliance between Spain and France, as part of its conflict with Britain, Spain declared war on Britain as an ally of France, itself an ally of the American colonies. -
Samuel Crompton’s spinning mule
This permitted large-scale manufacture of high-quality thread and yarn. -
British surrendered in Yorktown
The British General Charles Cornwalllis surrendered his army to The General George Washington giving up the chances to win the Revolutionary War. -
Edmund Cratwright’s crude power loom
This invention was significant because it used mechanization to automate much of the weaving process. -
Henry Cort’s metod
His invention was one of the most important iron-making processes of the Industrial Revolution. It was a new method of transforming cast iron into the more versatile and valuable material. -
The French Revolution
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Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin
It was a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process. -
Nicolas Appert’s invention
He invented the method of preserving food by enclosing it in hermetically sealed containers. -
Richard Trevithick’s invention
He built the first-ever steam locomotive to run along a track. The improvements Trevithick made in the design and construction of boilers. -
R. Fulton‘s steam boat
He and Robert R. Livingston built the first commercially successful steamboat, it was named North River Steamboat. This helped to power the Industrial Revolution by moving goods and people.