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Apr 27, 1095
The Emperor in Constantinople
The Emperor in Constantinople, capital of the eastern half of the Christian Empire, called for help in his campaigns against growing Moslem strength.
Pope Urban II in Rome called on Christians in Europe to join a crusade to liberate Jerusalem from the Moslems. -
Period: Apr 27, 1095 to Apr 27, 1270
The Crusades, Medieval Project
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May 2, 1096
The First Crusade (1096-1099)
The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to recapture the Holy Lands, called by Pope Urban II in 1095. http://www.umich.edu/~eng415/timeline/summaries/First_Crusade.htm -
Jun 30, 1096
The Crusades march towards the Holy Land
Crusaders marched in several armies towards the Holy Land. In cities across Europe they slaughtered defenceless Jews. The first armies arrived at Constantinople and crossed the Bosphorus to attack the Turks. One of those armies, that of Peter the Hermit, was massacred. Multitudes died, many of starvation, in the two-year march to Jerusalem. -
May 3, 1097
The Conquest of Nicaea
Urban II's call was taken up by thousands of nights, serfs and peasants from across the Christian world. In 1097 the Crusaders reached Constantinople and crossed into Asia Minor. -
Jul 31, 1099
Crusades from Europe conquered Jerusalem
Crusaders from Europe conquered Jerusalem, slaughtering Moslems, Jews and eastern Orthodox Christians alike.In the year 637 the armies of Islam lead by the Caliph Omar conquered the city of Jerusalem, the center of the Christian world and a magnet for Christian pilgrims. The city's Muslim masters exhibited a certain level of religious tolerance. No new churches were to be built and crosses could not be publicly displayed outside church buildings, but the pilgrims were allowed to continue. -
Apr 29, 1125
Crusader states were established in the Holy Land.(1101-1144)
Four Christian Crusader states in the Middle East from 1098 until 1291. The states were Jerusalem (corresponding to today's Israel); Tripoli (today's western Lebanon); Antioch (in the western border area between Turkey and Syria); and Edessa (in today's eastern Turkey). -
May 3, 1144
The Siege of Edessa
In 1144 the Crusader State of Edessa fell to the ruler Zengi. It was the first major territorial setback for the chritians, and it promted Pope Eugenius III to call the Second Crusade, led by the rulers of France and Germany. -
May 3, 1147
The Crusaders enter Damascus
A group of Anglo-Norman, Flemish and Rhineland crusaders entered Damascus in 1147. Yet after four days, were forced to retreat, an event that damaged crusade enthusiasm in Europe. -
May 2, 1148
The Second Crusade (1147-1149)
Second Crusade (1147-1149) While those who participated in the Second Crusade had probably planned to do so before hearing of the loss of Edessa to Zangi, the urgency of the crusade was likely reinforced by the loss. Pope Eugenius III issued a crusading bull (Quantum praedecessors) to Louis VII of France. http://www.umich.edu/~eng415/timeline/summaries/second_crusade.htm -
May 3, 1187
The Battle of Hattin
During the 12th century the crusader States steadily lost ground to the Ayyubid sultan Saladin, who in June 1187 inflicted a terrible defeat at hattin. The conquest led to the fall of nearly all the lands help by the Crusaders, including Jerusalem -
May 2, 1189
The Third Crusade (1189-1192)
Third Crusade (1189-1192) Upon hearing of the defeat at the Battle of Hattin, a new call for help was sent. By March 1188, Henry II of England, Richard (Henry's son), Philip II of France, and the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I had sworn crusade vows. http://www.umich.edu/~eng415/timeline/summaries/third_crusade.htm -
May 2, 1203
The Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)
Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) In 1198, Pope Innocent II called for another crusade, and in November 1199 a group of French knights took crusade vows. A treaty was made with the doge of Venice, Enrico Dandolo (who had been blinded in a pogrom against Latins in Constantinople) for aid in reaching the mideast. http://www.umich.edu/~eng415/timeline/summaries/fourth_crusade.htm -
May 3, 1204
The Sack of Constantinople
In 1204, warriors of the fourth Crusade, launched in 1202 to recapture Jerusalem, reached the walls of Constintanople. The city was brutally attacked, the Byzantine Christians slaughtered by their coreligionists, and a new latin Empire established. -
May 2, 1208
The Albigensian Crusade (1208)
The Albigensian Crusade or Cathar Crusade (1209–1229) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in the south of France. -
May 2, 1212
The Children's Crusade (1212)
Childrens crusade, popular religious movement in Europe during the summer of 1212 in which thousands of young people took Crusading vows and set out to recover Jerusalem from the Muslims. Lasting only from May to September, the Children’s Crusade lacked official sanction and ended in failure; none of the participants reached the Holy Land. Nevertheless, the religious fervour it excited helped to initiate the Fifth Crusade (1218). It was arguably the first European youth movement. -
May 2, 1219
The Fifth Crusade (1218-1221)
Frisian crusaders confront the Tower of Damietta, Egypt. The Fifth Crusade (1213–1221) was an attempt by Western Europeans to reacquire Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering the powerful Ayyubid state in Egypt. -
May 2, 1228
The Sixth Crusade (1228-1229)
In addition to the large armies that attacked Egypt in 1218 and 1248 (the Fifth and Sixth Crusades), smaller armies (such as that of Frederick II) also campaigned in the mideast. For example, Theobald of Champagne and Richard of Cornwall led an attack in 1239-1241; Edward of England led an attack in 1271-2. Trade between Europe and the Mideast was becoming important to both sides, thus encouraging treaties such as the one between al-Kamil and Frederick II. http://www.umich.edu/~eng415/timeline/ -
May 2, 1248
The Seventh Crusade (1248-1254)
Disastrous French crusade, led by Louis IX, a reaction to the loss of Jerusalem (1244) to the Moslems for the final time. The crusade was aimed at Egypt, the main Muslim power in the area. Louse sailed in 1248, wintered on Cyprus, before moving against Damietta at the mouth of the Nile, which they occupied with ease at the start of June, causing a panic amongst the Egyptian army. However, Louis then decided to wait until the autumn to avoid the heat of summer, and the inundation of the Nile, but -
May 3, 1250
The Battle of Mansourah
In 1244 Jerusalem returned to Muslim hands. In response, Louis IX of France led the Seventh Crusade into Egypt. After early victories, his force were defeated by the Ayyubids at the Battle of Mansourah in 1250 -
May 2, 1270
The Eighth Crusade (1270)
The Eighth Crusade was a crusade launched by Louis IX of France against the city of Tunis in 1270. The Eighth Crusade is sometimes counted as the Seventh, if the Fifth and Sixth Crusades of Frederick II are counted as a single crusade. The Ninth Crusade is sometimes also counted as part of the Eighth.
