-
First Public School
Known as Boston Latin School, located in Boston, Massachusetts. It is considered one of the oldest schools around. Mostly made up of only boys, girls received education at home if family was wealthy. An interesting fact is Benjamin Franklin attended this school. This school was torn down in 1745, and a statue of Benjamin Franklin was placed where the school once stood. -
Creating More Schools
The General Court of Massachusetts, decided to build more schools. In every town of 50 families was expected to have an elementary school. The court needed to make sure the Purtian children learned to read the Bible. This was done so the child relieved information about their religion. -
Horace Mann
In 1837 Horace Mann who became the secretary of the Board of Education, in Massachusetts. He was known as "the father of the common school movement." He improved the quality of education for public schools. By traveling to parts of town to improve methods of teaching, teachers properly trained, creating norms, and support local property taxes. In addition to financing the schools. He believed that positive reinforcement was better for schools then punishment. -
Native American Boarding Schools
In 1864 it was illegal for Native Americans to speak their language. Children were sent by parents, or taken away to these boarding schools.The government had spoken highly of how the child would learn to speak English to, "help out their parents." The founder Richard Henry Pratt said, "kill the Indian to save the man." The goal was to eliminate Native traditions, way of life, to be replaced with American culture.They were given English names, cut their hair, put into solitude if they disobeyed. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
Homer Adolph Plessy bought a train ticket on June 7th, 1892. He sat in a white-only seat. When asked to give up his seat, Plessy denied, and was arrested. The verdict was "separate but equal." People of color were impacted negatively. Not only were schools segregated, but as well as hotels, restaurants, even bathrooms. -
Brown V. Board Of Education
African American students were denied admission to any all-white schools. Oliver Brown and his daughter Linda Brown,13 parents of 20 other students filled a suit. In hopes to abolish segregation of color in schools. Three years later, the case was heard, along with similar cases in other states. The court ruled to allow students to racially come together in schools. -
Integration at Little Rock, Arkansas
On this day 9 African American students were being integrated at Central High. Angry mob, and protesters stand out of the school trying to prevent the students from going in. The governor of Arkansas also tried to stop the students by sending the National Guard. However President Eisenhower, sent 1,000 Army troops, which was meant to send a message. That federal power was supreme. The students were protected by this Army, just to simply go to school. -
Engel V. Vitale
In 1951 a school in New York started up their day with a prayer. This prayer was a volunteer for students who wanted to participate. Five parents did not agree to this, so they sued the school president known as William Vitale. The court ruled to ban all religious activity from public schools. -
Title IX
Unlike today women were discouraged from playing sports. Once Congress passed, Title IX, women were protected from discrimination in all schools. This force school administrators to provide the women with equal quality as men's sport teams. Such as quality equipment, lockers, coaches, medical services, and facilities. -
Education of all Handicapped Child Act
The goal to move students to regular classrooms. This Act ensured that all schools to provide students with disabilities appropriate free education. In addition to prepare them for employment, independent living, and continued education. This Act also protected the child's and parents rights. -
Plyer V. Doe
The Plyer Independent School District, in Texas, charged students 1,000 dollars a year. Students who were illegal immigrants were denied enrollment and kicked out. They had to prove citizenship. Four families sued. Doe was used by the court to protect their identities. The court decided all students were allowed to attend school. Texas law violated the 14th Amendment, that no tax payer money would be used to educate illegal immigrants. All humans are protected citizens or not. -
Bethel School District #43 V. Fraser
Mathew Fraser, was a student at Bethel High School, in Washington. Mathew was a senior who wanted his friend, Jeff Kuhlman, to be nominated as vice body president. At a school assembly he decided to make this vulgar speech. He was reprehended by the school receiving suspension. His parents sued, since he was banned from speaking at graduation. The school won, since it did not violated the 1st Amendment. The school had warned him, this speech went against the school's policies. -
Board Of Independent School District of Pottawatomie County #92 V. Earls
In 1998 a school district in Oklahoma, Tecumseh was conducting drug testing on its middle school and high school students. Those who participated in extracurricular activities needed to be tested. Two parents of the two students sued the school. However the court's verdict approved the testing and said it was preventative measures for the students safety. It also did not violate the fourth Amendment.
