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Quebec Padlock Law
- The purpose of this law was to protect Quebec citizens against communist propaganda. -It was brought in my the Union Nationale -King did not do anything about this law -In 1957 the Supreme Court of Canada cancelled it, saying it was "unconstitutional"
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Gouzenko Affair
- Igor Gouzenko was assigned to the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa.
- When told he was going to be brought back to Russia, he spilled the beans on the Soviets plans.
- He told Canada that the Soviets had found the secret to the atomic bomb
- In return, he asked for permanent protection and wore a hood over his head in public to protect his identity.
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Berlin Blockade
- The Soviets broke their agreement with the Allies.
- They attempted to force the Allies to give up their establishment rights to occupy the western part of Berlin.
- This blockade failed as the Allies flew in supplies instead.
- This blockade raised tensions between the Soviets and its former Allies.
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International Alliances: NATO
- NATO was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
- Almost all the countries west of the Iron Curtain were in NATO.
- The agreement was signed on April 4, 1949.
- This pact was for security and protection. After this was created, the Soviets created the Warsaw Pact.
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“The Forgotten War” - The Korean War
- North Korea with the help of China decided to attack South Korea.
- The United Nations decided to help South Korea.
- Canada sent approximately 25000 troops to help.
- North Korea and South Korea came to a truce in 1953
- Canadian troops had to stay in South Korea until 1955 to help maintain the truce.
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Vietnam War & Draft Dodgers in Canada
- Canada tried to stay neutral in the war, but still helped the Americans
- Canada sold the USA approximately $12.5 million in war goods and food during the war
- Draft Dodgers were American men who moved to Canada to avoid conscription to go to the Vietnam War
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The Suez Crisis and Pearson wins Nobel Prize
- The Egyptian leader General Nasser decided to take full control of the canal.
- The French, British, and Israeli forces attacked Egypt to regain control.
- Finally, a solution was created by Lester Pearson to create a peacekeeping force (United Nations Emergency Force), which kept peace in Egypt.
- Pearson was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for the resolution of the Suez Crisis in 1957.
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Continental Alliances: NORAD and DEW line
- NORAD was the North American Air Defence.
- It was an agreement between Canada and the USA to help each other.
- The purpose of this was to stop Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles or ICBMs.
- DEW line, or Distant Early Warning was a system of radar antennae along stations.
- If any unknown objects were detected, they would alert NORAD headquarters, which controls all defensive and offensive weapons.
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Sputnik and Canada’s Space Program
- In 1957, the Soviets launched Sputnik.
- Sputnik was a satellite that orbited Earth.
- However, the rocket that launched Sputnik could be used to launch rockets to North America.
- To help defend against the Soviets, John Diefenbaker cancelled the Avro Arrow and bought Bomarc Missiles from the USA.
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Avro Arrow and its Cancellation
- The Avro Arrow program was a Canadian program that built super jets.
- These jets were the fastest in the world and were said to be fifty years ahead of their time.
- The purpose of these jets was to protect Canadian citizens against Soviet bomb attacks.
- In 1959 John Diefenbaker and his government cancelled it due to the high cost.
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Avro Arrow and its Cancellation
- The Avro Arrow program was a Canadian program that built super jets.
- These jets were the fastest in the world and were said to be fifty years ahead of their time.
- The purpose of these jets was to protect Canadian citizens against Soviet bomb attacks.
- On February 20, 1959 John Diefenbaker and his government cancelled it due to the high cost. Many people lost their jobs due to this.
- This was disappointing to Canadians, and the day it was cancelled was known as “Black Friday”.
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Cuban Missile Crisis
- The Cuban Missile Crisis was between Cuba and the Soviet Union on one side and the United States on the other
- The Soviets set up missiles around Cuba to prevent the USA from attacking Cuba (ICBMs)
- The USA did a military blockade on Cuba
- Finally it ended with an agreement between the USA and the Soviets/Cuba that the USA would never invade Cuba again and the Soviets would take down their missiles in Cuba.
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Diefenbaker, Bomarc Missiles, and Nuclear Warheads in Canada
- Bomarc missiles were the alternative Diefenbaker used after the cancellation of the Avro Arrow.
- The Bomarc Missiles were American made, and were capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
- Diefenbaker’s Conservative government did not want to have nuclear weapons in Canada, but the Liberals did, so an election was called.
- After the Diefenbaker government lost the election in 1963, Pearson’s Liberal government took over the project and made them nuclear-armed Bomarc missiles.
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Canada-Soviet Hockey Series
- Known as the “Summit Series” or “Super Series”
- An eight game hockey series between the USSR and Canada
- Canada won – Paul Henderson scored the winning goal
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The Fall of the Berlin Wall
- The Berlin Wall was to keep the people in East Berlin out of West Berlin
- Part of the Iron Curtain
- It prevented emigration from east to west
- The wall was physically destroyed in 1990
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The Fall of the Soviet Union
- Gorbachev made changes to the government to move them away from the old political processes to more co-operative ways
- This change brought down the old government and led the way to the tearing down of the Berlin Wall
- This marked the end of the Cold War
