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Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny is what peopel called the attitude prevalent during the 19th century period of American expansion that the United States not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast. This attitude helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal and war with Mexico. The phrase was first employed by John L. O’Sullivan in an article on the annexation of Texas published in the July-August 1845 edition of the United States Magazine and Democratic Review, which he edited. -
The American Dream
For many immigrants, when traveling to the United States, the Statue of Liberty was their first view of the United States, signifying new opportunities in life. The statue is an iconic symbol of the American Dream. The American Dream is the idea that came from the United States Declaration of Independence which says that "all men are created equal" and that they are "endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights". -
Suffrage
Suffrage is what is described as the right to vote. In the early 1900s women's suffrage was a huge thing. Women wanted the right to vote. Eventually the rallies and protests resulted in the 19th amendment. -
Susan B. Anthony
Susan . Anthony was born in Adams, Massachusetts. She ws a teacher for several years. She then became active in temperance but since she was a woman, she was not allowed to talk at the temperance rallies. She joined the women's rights movement in 1852. She then dedicated her life to woman suffrage. -
Homestead Act
President Abraham Lincoln signed the law,Homestead Act, a program designed to give public land to small farmers at low cost. The act gave 160 acres of land to any applicant who was the head of a household and 21 years or older, provided that the person settled on the land for five years and then paid a small filing fee. If settlers wished to obtain title earlier, they could do so after six months by paying $1.25 an acre. -
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Industrialization
Industrialization during this time started with the building of the transcontinental railroads. Several large companies rose to power after this, such as the Carnegie Steel Company and the Standard Oil Company. Each ran by powerful men. -
Social Gospel
It was a liberal movement within American Protestantism that attempted to apply biblical teachings to problems associated with industrialization. It took form during the latter half of the 19th cent. under the leadership of Washington Gladden and Walter Rauschenbusch, who feared the isolation of religion from the working class. They believed in social progress and the essential goodness of humanity. -
Eugene V. Debbs
He grew up in the small town of Terre Haute, Indiana. His parents happened to be immigarnts who owned a grocery store. In 1875 he was elected the secretary of the Terre Haute lodge of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen. The brotherhood was attracted to him because of his intellegnence. -
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Indian Removal
During this timespan several Indians were relocated to Indian reserves. Many of the Americans tried to "Americanize" the Indians by teaching them the ways of the Americans. They attempted to teach the Indian children in schools. -
The Gilded Age
The growth of industry and a wave of immigrants marked this period in American history. The production of iron and steel rose dramatically and western resources like lumber, gold, and silver increased the demand for improved transportation. -
Nativism
Nativism refers to a policy or belief that or favors the interest of the native population of the U.S and not the interests of immigrants. In the United States, greatest nativist sentiment coincided with the great waves of 19th-century European immigration on the East Coast and, to a lesser extent, with the arrival of Chinese immigrants on the West Coast. -
Civil Service Reform
The Civil Service Reform Act is an 1883 federal law that stopped the United States Civil Service Commission. It eventually placed most federal employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called "spoils system." Drafted during the Chester A. Arthur administration, the Pendleton Act served as a response to President James Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker. The Act was passed into law in January 1883. -
Haymarket Riot
A labor protest rally near Chicago’s Haymarket Square turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police. About 8 people died as a result of the violence that day. Despite a lack of evidence against them, eight radical labor activists were convicted in connection with the bombing. The Haymarket Riot was viewed a setback for the organized labor movement in America. -
The Dawes Act
It was designed to encourage the breakup of the tribes and promote the assimilation of Indians into American Society. It will be the major Indian policy until the 1930s. Dawes' goal was to create independent farmers out of Indians and give them land and the tools for citizenship. -
Jane Addams
Jane Addams was born into a wealthy family but always dedicated herself to helping the less fortunate. She is mostly known for her humanitarian work and opening the Hull House in 1889. The Hull House was a place for recently immigrated people in Chicago to stay. It gave them social and economic opportunities -
Ida B. Wells
Ida B. Wells was an African-American civil rights advocate. She led a strong cause against lynching. She was born in Holly Springs, Mississippi. In 1884, she refused to move out of a segregated railroad car in Memphis, Tennessee. She won her lawsuit against the railroad company for forcibly removing her from her seat, although the Supreme Court overturned the decision in 1887. -
Populism
It is a political doctrine that appeals to the interests and conceptions of the people, especially contrasting those interests with the interests of the elite. Populist sentiment contributed to the American Revolutionary War, and continued to shape the young United States afterward. -
Progressivism
Progressivism covers a wide spectrum of social movements that include environmentalism, labor, agrarianism, anti-poverty, peace, anti-racism, civil rights, women's rights, animal rights, social justice and political ideologies such as anarchism, communism, socialism, social democracy political ideologies such as anarchism, communism, socialism, social democracy, and liberalism. -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was an industrialist and the owner of the Carnegie Steel Company, founded in 1892. He was also known as a philanthropist. He was born in Scotland and moved to America when he was only 13 years old. During the Civil War he worked with the railroad. When the ar ended he invested in the Steel industry, because he believed it would soon replace Iron. -
Klondike Gold Rush
The Klondike Gold Rush was also called the Yukon Gold Rushand the Alaska Gold Rush, the Alaska-Yukon Gold Rush, the Canadian Gold Rush, and the Last Great Gold Rush, was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada between 1896 and 1899. -
Political Machines
A political machine is a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.
The power of the machine is based on the ability of the workers to get out the vote for their candidates on election day. -
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Immigration
During this timespan more than 15 million immigrants arrived in the United States. Most of the immigrants settled in New York City. Most of thepopulation were either immigrants or first generation Americans. -
Teddy Roosevelt
After the death President Mckinley, Teddy Roosevelt became the youngest President to take office. He was 43 years old. -
Urbanization
During this time period several people immigarted to the United States for a better life. Mostly the settled in the city which forced urbanization. It allowed the cities to grow, but with faults like tenemants. -
Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair was an american writer and reformer. He was from California. He is best known for coming up with the type of journalism "muckraking". His mosy known book was "The Jungle", publushed in 1906, which exposed the appalling and unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry. "The Jungle" was influential in obtaining passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
It provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines.The Act arose due to public education and exposés from Muckrakers such as Upton Sinclair and Samuel Hopkins Adams, social activist Florence Kelley, researcher Harvey W. Wiley, and President Theodore Roosevelt. -
Muckraker
Muckraker's were American journalists, novelists, and critics who in the first decade of the 20th century attempted to expose the abuses of business and the corruption in politics. The term derives from the word muckrake used by President Theodore Roosevelt in a speech in 1906, in which he agreed with many of the charges of the muckrakers but asserted that some of their methods were sensational and irresponsible. -
Dollar Diplomacy
The dollar diplomacy was a policy used in the United States to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia for Economic power. According to the Taft-Knox doctrine, it was important to get the Caribbean nations to repay the European debts bwith loans from American businessmen. It was also intended to safeguard a nation's foreign investments. -
16th Amendment
The Congress does not have the power to give and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several states, and without regard to any census or enumeration. -
17th Amendment
The 17th Amendment was technically never was ratified, insured that national government would burgeon by removing the fundamental check which state legislatures had over federal legislation. -
Federal Reserve Act
The Federal Reserve Act was suppose to form economic stability through the introduction of the Central Bank. It would then be in charge of monetary policy, into the United States. The Federal Reserve Act is perhaps one of the most influential laws concerning the U.S. financial system. -
18th Amendment
The 18th Amendment (prohibition) further extended the nanny state by injecting the national government into the suppression of drugs and alcohol. Since this is a hopeless task, it insured that there would always be lots of federal crime to fight, justifying a large federal police power. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment (women's suffrage) expanded the electorate to include large numbers of supporters of the previous measures, insuring that they would not be repealed. Despite this, however, Prohibition lasted only until 1933, and direct election of U.S. Senators, at least in some states (including mine) is at the sufferance of the state legislature. These states legally can go back to the old system at any time. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
It was a scandal of bribery that took place in the United States in the 1920s. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall had leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming and two other locations in California to private oil companies at low rates. -
Clarence Darrow
In 1925 he volunteered to defend John Scopes' right to teach evolution. He reached the top of his profession. The year before, in a sensational trial in Chicago, he saved the child-killers Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb from the death penalty. The Scopes trial would bring him even greater notoriety. -
William Jennings Bryan
He was very active in many different causes, including peace, women's suffrage, prohibition, and Christian fundamentalism. . In 1925, he served as an associate counsel in the trial of John Scopes, a Tennessee instructor accused of teaching evolution in a public school. Bryan took the stand and underwent a withering cross-examination by Clarence Darrow. Bryan's side won the case, but he became the subject of widespread ridicule.
