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Political Machines
Party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group, that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state. -
Indian Removal
Signed into law by Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. -
Manifest Destiny
Expressed the belief that it was Anglo-Saxon Americans’ providential mission to expand their civilization and institutions across the breadth of North America. -
Nativism
White, native-born, Protestant Americans' hostility to European immigrants. -
Susan B. Anthony
Woman who traveled the country to give speeches, circulate petitions, and organize local women’s rights organizations. Anthony campaigned for women's property rights in New York State, speaking at meetings, collecting signatures for petitions, and lobbying the state legislature. -
Homestead Act
An act that provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land -
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Social Gospel
A religious social-reform movement that was prominent from about 1870 to 1920, especially among liberal Protestant groups dedicated to the betterment of industrialized society through application of the biblical principles of charity and justice. -
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Suffrage
Suffrage dealt by women, african americans, and voting rights during the United State’s reform period. -
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The Gilded Age
The growth of industry and a wave of immigrants marked this period in American history. The production of iron and steel rose dramatically and western resources like lumber, gold, and silver increased the demand for improved transportation. -
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Immigration & The American Dream
Immigration to the United States reached its peak from 1880-1920 due to the American Dream, a set of ideals in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, and an upward social mobility achieved through hard work. -
Civil Service Reform
Established in 1883 that stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit. -
Haymarket Riot
Also called Haymarket Affair or Haymarket Massacre, violent confrontation between police and labour protesters in Chicago on May 4, 1886, that became a symbol of the international struggle for workers’ rights -
The Dawes Act
An Act to Provide for the Allotment of Lands in Severalty to Indians on the Various Reservations -
Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie Steel Corporation owned by Andrew Carnegie was the largest of its kind in the world -
Muckraker
Any of a group of American writers, identified with pre-World War I reform and exposé literature. -
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Urbanization & Industrialization
As new technologies advanced, people started moving from rural areas to urban are -
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Populism & Progressivism
Populism-A member or adherent of a political party seeking to represent the interests of ordinary people started by poor far Progressivism - a broadly based reform movement that reached its height early in the 20th century and is generally considered to be middle class and reformist in nature. It arose as a response to the vast changes brought by modernization, such as the growth of large corporations and railroads, and fears of corruption in American politics. -
Eugene V. Debs
An American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World, and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. He was sentenced to six months in jail (May–November 1895) for his role in leading the Chicago Pullman Palace Car Company strike. -
Ida B. Wells
African-American journalist and activist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States. In 1895, she published The Red Record, the first documented statistical report on lynching. -
William Jennings Bryan
A leading American politician from the 1890s until his death. He was a dominant force in the populist wing of the Democratic Party and faced an uphill battle as the Democratic and Populist nominee. -
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Klondike Gold Rush
A migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada -
Teddy Roosevelt
An American politician, author, naturalist, soldier, explorer, and historian who served as the 26th President of the United States- president in 1904 -
Pure Food and Drug Act
A United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines. -
Upton Sinclair
Wrote The Junle which influenced safety regulations during the 19th century. -
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Dollar Diplomacy
Foreign policy created by U.S. president William Howard Taft and his secretary of state, Philander C. Knox, to ensure the financial stability of a region while protecting and extending American commercial and financial interests there. -
Initiative, Referendum, Recall
This system of empowering the people to propose new laws or change the Constitution of Oregon through a general election ballot measure became nationally known as “the Oregon System.” established by California governor Hiram Johnson. -
Clarence Darrow
-an American lawyer and leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union. He was best known for defending teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb in their trial for murdering 14-year-old Robert "Bobby" Franks. Darrow took on a case that almost destroyed his career when he defended two union officials accused of murder in the dynamiting of the Los Angeles Times building. -
16th Amendment
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeratio -
17th Amendment
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. -
Federal Reserve Act
The act gave the 12 Federal Reserve banks the ability to print money in order to ensure economic stability. In addition to this task, the Fed had the power to adjust the discount rate/the fed funds rate and buy & sell U.S. treasuries. -
18th Amendment
Prohibition of liquor -
19th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any States on account of se -
Third Parties Politics
Any and all political parties in the United States other than one of the two major parties (Republican Party and Democratic Party). -
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Teapot Dome Scandal
Scandal of the early 1920s surrounding the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior, Albert Bacon Fall. -
Jane Addams
A pioneer American settlement social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. Award a nobel prize in 1931.
