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MUCKRAKER
Investigative journalists view the muckrakers as early influences and a continuation of watchdog journalism. The term is a reference to a character in John Bunyan's classic Pilgrim's Progress, "the Man with the Muck-rake" that rejected salvation to focus on filth. -
INDIAN REMOVAL
law that was passed by Congress on May 28, 1830, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. It authorized the president to negotiate with Indian tribes in the Southern United States for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their homelands. -
NATIVISM
Sanctuary for the world's victims of oppression and poverty, anti-immigrant sentiment known as nativism has pervaded most of the nation's history. http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/nativism/pages/historical_bg.html -
SUFFRAGE
A series of intercessory prayers or petitions. The right to vote in political elections. -
MANIFEST DESTINY
The widely held belief in the United States that American settlers were destined to expand throughout the continent. -
CLARENCE DARROW
In 1925 he decided to teach evolution. Saved the child-killers Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb from the death penalty. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/monkeytrial/peopleevents/p_darrow.html -
WILLIAM JENINGS BRYAN
Congressman from Nebraska. Three-time presidential candidate, and later Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson. Faced an uphill battle as the Democratic and Populist nominee. http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/bryan.html -
IDA B. WELLS
African American journalist and activists. Nicknamed "Lola Princess of the Press". http://www.biography.com/people/ida-b-wells-9527635 -
HOMESTEAD ACT
Allowed any American, including freed slaves, to put in a claim for up to 160 free acres of federal land. http://www.history.com/topics/homestead-act -
SOCIAL GOSPEL
The Social Gospel movement is a Protestant Christian intellectual movement that was most prominent in the early 20th century United States and Canada. -
THE GILDED AGE
Is the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. The term was coined by writer Mark Twain in The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today, (1873), which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding. -
EUGENE V. DEBS
Labor organizer and socialist leader. Was elected to the Indiana State Assembly. Organized the American Railway Union, which waged a strike against the Pullman Company of Chicago. http://www.history.com/topics/eugene-v-debs -
HAYMARKET RIOT
Square was organized by labor radicals to protest the killing and wounding of several workers by the Chicago police during a strike the day before at the McCormick Reaper Works. -
THE DAWES ACT
An Act to Provide for the Allotment of Lands in Severalty to Indians on the Various Reservations," known as the Dawes Act, emphasized severalty, the treatment of Native Americans as individuals rather than as members of tribes. http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=50 -
KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH
Yukon Gold Rush, the Alaska Gold Rush, the Alaska-Yukon Gold Rush, the Canadian Gold Rush, and the Last Great Gold Rush, was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada between 1896 and 1899. -
ANDREW CARNEGIE
Andrew helped formed the steel industry. Which took him from being a poor young man into on eof the biggest entrepeneurs of his age. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carnegie/peopleevents/pande01.html -
PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT
That provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines. http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Pure_Food_and_Drug_Act.html -
UPTON SINCLAIR
American writer and reformer. Famous as a muckraker. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americannovel/timeline/sinclair.html -
TEDDY ROOSEVELT
Teddy became the youngest President in the Nation's history. He brought new excitement and power to the Presidency, as he vigorously led Congress and the American public toward progressive reforms and a strong foreign policy. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/theodoreroosevelt -
16TH AMENDMENT
The amendment within the Constitution that gives Congress the power to collect taxes on income without apportioning it among the states. The Sixteenth Amendment was passed in 1909 and ratified in 1913. -
17TH AMENDMENT
Established direct election of United States Senators by popular vote. The amendment supersedes Article I, § 3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures. -
DOLLAR DIPLOMACY
Country's financial power to extend its international influence. -
FEDERAL RESERVE ACT
Act of Congress that created and set up the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States of America, and granted it the legal authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes and Federal Reserve Bank Notes as legal tender. -
POPULISM & PROGRESSIVISM
Is a political doctrine that appeals to the interests and conceptions (such as hopes and fears) of the general people, especially contrasting those interests with the interests of the elite. -
18TH AMENDMENT
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, transport, import, or export of alcoholic beverages. Upon ratification of the amendment by the states, Congress voted its approval in October 1919, and enacted it into law as the National Prohibition Act of 1920. -
19TH AMENDMENT
Guarantees all American women the right to vote. -
IMMIGRATION & THE AMERICAN DREAM
Time period of dramatic political, social, and cultural change in the United States. Massive influx of European immigrants, many entering through Ellis Island in New York City under the steady gaze of the Statue of Liberty. http://omnigraphics.com/shop/dream-of-america-immigration-1870-1920-the/#description -
URBANIZATION & INDUSTRIALIZATION
Many immigrants found the transition to American life difficult, despite their efforts to ease the transition by founding churches and charity organizations. http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/history/chapter12section2.rhtml -
POLITICAL MACHINES
Organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses who receive rewards for their efforts. -
TEA POT DOME SCANDAL
Scandal was a bribery incident that took place in the United States from 1920 to 1923, during the reign of President Warren G. Harding. -
JANE ADDAMS
Jane Addams was a pioneer American settlement social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/_learn/_aboutjane/aboutjane.html -
INITIATIVE, REFERENDUM, RECALL
In political terminology, the initiative is a process that enables citizens to bypass their state legislature by placing proposed statutes and, in some states, constitutional amendments on the ballot. general term which refers to a measure that appears on the ballot. There are two primary types of referenda: the legislative referendum, whereby the Legislature refers a measure to the voters for their approval, and the popular referendum, a measure that appears on the ballot as a result of a voter -
CIVIL SERVICE REFORM
Applies to labor organizations which represents employees in most agencies of the executive branch of the Federal Government. http://www.dol.gov/olms/regs/compliance/complcsra.htm -
THIRD PARTIES POLITICS
Usually have to get thousands of signatures on petitions just to be listed on the ballot. The state and federal governments, which make rules governing elections, are composed of elected Democratic and Republican officials, who have a strong incentive to protect the existing duopoly.
