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3000 BCE
Mesopotamia
-Fertile Cresent : Rich land found in the Middle East
-Means land between the rivers
-Priests appealed to the gods for good crops
-Polytheistic
-Slavery was used extensively
-Hammurabi created his Code of 282 laws -Very harsh punishments if not followed -
2000 BCE
Egypt
-Kings were viewed as gods called pharaohs
-They caused the sun to rise and set
-Women enjoyed rights and freedoms
-Hieroglyphics were the form of writing
-Developed the calendar
-Developed math
-Power faded around 2180 B.C.
-New kingdom would rise a couple centuries later -
563 BCE
Rise of Buddhism
-Siddharth Gautama (aka Buddha)
-Left life to seek truth
-Went into forest for 6 years searching for answers
-Rejected the caste system and Hindu gods
-Four Noble Truths
-Life is sorrow
-Sorrow is caused by desire
-Avoid sorrow by not desiring
-Use eight fold path to escape desire
-Eight fold path is journey to enlightenment
-Goal is to reach Nirvana
-Meditation is used -
444 BCE
Athens and Sparta
-Greek culture formed foundation for west society
-Spartan boys trained for combat from age 7
-In Sparta arts, philosophy excluded in favor of military training
-Athens valued culture more but women rights less than Sparta -
200
Beginning of the End of the Roman Empire
-Series of bad rulers, civil wars weakened empire
-In late 200's empire was divided into East and West
-400's: most of West was taken by Huns
-Eastern Half continued on for another 1,000 years (Byzantine Empire)
-Reasons for the fall of Rome were Economic, Military, Political, Social and Religious -
Jan 1, 700
Roman Empire
-Romans started with a king
-Turned into a democracy
-Senate:300 members chosen for lifetime membership
-System designed to keep power in hands of the people
-Culture borrowed heavily from Greeks
-Rome fought three wars against the Kingdom of Carthage in North Africa
-Rome expanded to Spain, Britain, and North Africa
-Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey formed a triumvirate
-Secret agreement to share power
-Turned into civil war
-Caesar became Dictator of Rome
-Jesus was also crucified by Romans -
Dec 8, 900
Medieval Period
-Medieval period lasted from 500-1400
-Period marked by rivalries between small kingdoms
-Money became scarce
-Cities emptied out
-Catholic Church was only Roman institution to survive
-Priests served as leaders
-Nuns/Monks lived alone in monasteries
-Feudalism was developed
-King was at the top and Serfs at bottom -
Dec 8, 1093
Crusades Begin
-1093 Byzantine emperor writes letter asking for help against Muslim invasion
-Pope issued call for holy war against Muslims
-Salvation for anyone who fought in war
-In 1099 Christian Knights took Jerusalem
-They killed thousands
-90 years later Jerusalem was taken again by Muslims
-Second Crusade was formed but failed
-Third crusade ended in truce -
Dec 8, 1488
Martin Luther
-Started Protestant Reformation
-Put 95 theses on church
-They stated claims about what he wanted changed in the church
-Church was angered
-Luther was called into the Diet of Worms
-He refused to recant
-Luther went into hiding after the trial
-Translated bible into German
-He fueled change in churches across Europe -
Dec 8, 1492
Discovery of America
-Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492
-Looking for new way to reach Asia
-Actually landed on an island in Caribbean
-Didn't realize he was in Caribbean
-America was first called "New World"
-Started trend of discoveries in South and North America
-They searched for Gold,Glory, and show people God
-But Europeans brought disease with them to the New World
-The diseases killed most of the Natives
-So the Europeans went to Africa and got slaves there
-This is how the A.S.T. started
