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Temperance Movement
A social movement, born in the 19th century, to reduce the consumption of alcohol in America. This movement was popular among women, who had to face their husbands and fathers "drinking away" the family savings, and dealt with alcohol related problems such as job loss, violence, and domestic abuse -
Anti-Saloon League
Leading temperance organization that by the 1910's had become one of the most effective pressure groups in American history, mobilizing Protestant churches behind its single-minded battle to elect "dry" candidates; at its "Jubilee Convention" in 1913, the league endorsed a national Prohibition Amendment to the Constitution. -
The Jazz Age
Age of music pioneered by African American musicians, from New Orleans, LA., who combined western harmonies with African rhythms; original and popular music of the 1920s as it came to symbolize American youth's break from traditional norms and expectations; Famous African American musicians made their name during this time: Louis Armstrong, Cab Calloway, Duke Ellington -
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Palmer Raids
A series of raids coordinated by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer in response to unexplained bombings targeting government official including Palmer himself. Police and federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organizations in thirty-two cities. The Palmer Raids resulted in more than 4,000 arrests, 550 deportations, and uncountable violations of civil rights. -
The Red Scare
A fear of Communist infiltration in the 1920's that led to immigrant restriction. -
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Harlem Renaissance
A literary, artistic, and intellectual movement that kindled a new black cultural identity. This was concentrated in the new urban centers where African-Americans settled. -
The 18th Amendment
Law that banned the manufacture, sale, and production of alcohol in the United States. -
American Civil Liberties Union
An organization created in the 20's designed to protect the individual constitutional rights of all Americans. Controversial groups protected by the ACLU include the KKK, Sacco & Vanzetti, socialists, radical African-Americans, etc. -
The 19th Amendment
Women's suffrage -
Teapot Dome Scandal
Scandal during the Harding administration involving the granting of oil-drilling rights on government land in return for money. The stress the scandal caused Harding would ultimately take his life as he died in office in August 1923 -
Black Tuesday
The day the stock market crashed. By the end of the year, investors had lost more than $30 billion -
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The Great Depression
Period lasting from 1929-1945 in which the U.S. economy failed and unemployment soared. -
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The Dust Bowl
Refers to the drought-stricken Southern Plains region of the United States, which suffered severe dust storms during a dry period in the 1930s. Intensified the crushing economic impacts of the Great Depression and drove many farming families on a desperate migration in search of work and better living conditions. -
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HILTER
German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945), Nazi leader and founder; had over 6 million Jews assassinated during the Holocaust -
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Fireside Chats
Informal radio broadcast in which FDR explained issues and New Deal programs to average Americans. -
Tennessee Valley Authority
Government agency that built dams in the Tennessee River Valley to control flooding and generate electric power. -
Wagner Act
New Deal law that abolished unfair labor practices, recognized the right of employees to organize labor union, and gave workers the right to collective bargaining. -
Social Security Act
New Deal Program that provided disability and unemployment insurance to workers, and that guaranteed a salary to those retired people over 65. -
Invasion of Poland
Germany invaded, breaking their agreement, so Britain and France declared war, starting World War II -
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The Manhattan Project
The top secret, US funded project to develop an atomic bomb before the Axis Powers were able to do so. -
The Fall of France
France and Britain created a Maginot Line, which is a system of fortifications along France's eastern border. The Germans rode through an area of wooded ravines in northeast France, completely avoiding the blockade. Then Germans marched to Paris and trapped the soldiers; soon Hitler gave them terms of peace. -
Lend-Lease Act
Act authorizing the US president to supply war materials to Great Britain on credit -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
The location of the U.S. naval base that was bombed by the Japanese and directly led to U.S. involvement in World War 2. -
Rosie the Riveter
A cultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who worked in factories during World War II, many of whom produced munitions and war supplies. -
D-Day
The day the Allies landed on the beaches of Normandy, France and began the land invasion of Europe -
Island Hopping Act
American strategy in the Pacific campaign in WWII, calling for only certain Japanese islands to be captured while the rest were bypassed -
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Hiroshima and Nagaski
The Japanese cities that were bombed by the U.S. to end the war in the Pacific quickly and unconditionally