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Grammar Translation Method (1840-1940)
This method arose in Prussia at the end of the 18th century and adopted as its model the system used for teaching Latin and Greek. It is heir to German academic practice and some of its representatives were J. Seidenstücker, K. Plötz, H. S. Ollendor and J. Meidinger. -
Direct Method (1920-1930)
Its aim is to teach foreign languages without using the mother tongue of the learners and using only the target language. It was established in Germany and France around 1900 and contrasts with the grammatical translation method and other traditional approaches. -
Audiolingual Method (1950-1960)
The audiolingual method had its heyday during World War II. It is mainly based on acquiring a language through repetition, emphasizing oral expression and pronunciation. The teacher focuses on speaking in English or the target language while the students acquire speech patterns through repetition and analysis of spoken language. -
Total Physical Response (1970-1980)
TPR is a method that emphasizes the teaching of language through physical activity. It is a language teaching method based on the coordination of speech and interaction. It was established by James Asher, a professor of psychology at San Jose State University (California), and is built on many traditions, including developmental psychology, learning theory, and humanistic pedagogy. -
Silent Way (1970-1980)
The Silent Way is a language teaching method created by Caleb Gattegno that uses silence as a teaching technique. The method emphasizes learner independence; the teacher supervises students' efforts and encourages students to take an active role in language learning. Pronunciation is central to the effectiveness of this method; beginning students begin their study with pronunciation and spend a great deal of time practicing it in each lesson. -
Community Language Learning (1970-1980)
This is probably one of the English teaching methods where the student feels the safest as there’s a great emphasis on the relationship and bond between the student and teacher. Unlike a lot of the other methods and approaches of teaching English as a Second Language, a lot of the L1 (mother tongue) is used for translation purposes. -
Suggestopedia (1970-1980)
It was developed by Bulgarian educator Georgi Lozanov. To create a relaxed state in the learner and promote positive suggestions, Suggestionpedia makes use of music, a comfortable and relaxing environment, and a relationship between teacher and learner that is similar to the relationship between parent and child. Music, in particular, is central to the approach.