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Stephen Toulmin Birth and Death
Was born in London, UK to Geoffrey Edelson Toulmin and Doris Holman Toulmin. Stephen Toulmin died from heart failure.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Stephen Edelston Toulmin". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Mar. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Stephen-Edelston-Toulmin. Accessed 21 April 2022. -
The Uses of Argument
Toulmin claims that some aspects of arguments vary from field to field, and are hence called "field-dependent", while other aspects of argument are the same throughout all fields and are h called "field-invariant". The flaw of absolutism, Toulmin believes, and lies in its unawareness of the field-dependent aspect of argument; absolutism assumes that all aspects of argument are field invariant.
Toulmin, Stephen E. The Uses of Argument. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 2003. -
Stephen Toulmin Contribution to Science 1
From the absolutists' point of view, concepts are either valid or invalid regardless of contexts. From Toulmin's perspective, the evaluation depends on a process of comparison, which determines whether or not one concept will improve explanatory power more than its rival concepts. Toulmin, Stephen. Human Understanding. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1972. -
Video Of Stephen Toulmin