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Zenger Trial
Horton, Scott (2011-02-28) He was a printer and he sometimes printed books and essays about freedom and liberty during the Revolutionary War. The Obstinate Dr. HeicklenEstablished the foundation of America's Freedom of Press -
Albany Congress
Alden, John R. "The Albany Congress and the Creation of the Indian Superintendencies," Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 27, No. 2 (Sep., 1940), pp. 193–210 in JSTORA meeting of representatives from seven of the thirteen British North American colonies in 1754. They discussed relations with Indian tribes and natural defense. People: Ben Franklin -
Period: to
Seven Years War
Anderson, Fred. Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766. Faber and Faber, 2000.Fought over the Ohio River Valley, French and Indians VS. British colonists. The British wanted to explore and the French were against that. It ended with the European countries being separate. People: George Washington -
Period: to
Pontiac's Rebellion
Anderson, Fred. Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766. New York: Knopf, 2000 Natives VS. British over Great Lakes area. They wanted the trade associated with the waterways -
Treaty of Paris
Marston, Daniel (2002). The French–Indian War 1754–1760.Ended the Seven Years War. British victory over France and Spain -
Sugar Act
Alexander, John K. Samuel Adams: America’s Revolutionary Politician. (2002)
The British started taxing the colonists more for sugar, and they didn't rep[resent themselves. The colonists didnt like this and this increased their want for revolution. It was an indirect tax that came in a time of economic depression. People: Samuel Adams and James Otis -
Stamp Act
Edmund S. Morgan, The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution Required purchase of specially empossed paper in a time of economic stagnation -
Declaritory Act
^ "American Revolution: Prelude to Revolution". The History Place. http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/revolution/rev-prel.htm.Accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act 1765. Due to boycotts hurting british trade. But they can still tax on any cases "whatsoever" -
Repeal of the Stamp Act
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Boston Massacre
A Fair Account of the Late Unhappy Disturbance at Boston. London: B. White. 1770 British Army soldiers killed five civilian men and injured six others. It started the first real want for revolution in the colonies. -
Tea Act
Ketchum, Richard, Divided Loyalties, How the American Revolution came to New York, 2002 Its principal overt objective was to reduce the massive surplus of tea held by the financially troubled British East India Company in its London warehouses and to help the struggling company survive. -
Boston Tea Party
Young, Shoemaker, 183–85 The colonists dressed up as Indians and threw thousands of pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor -
First Contenental Congress
Bancroft, George. History of the United States of America, from the discovery of the American continent. (1854–78), vol 4-10The First Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from twelve British North American colonies that met on September 5, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution. It was called in response to the passage of the Coercive Acts -
Intolerable Acts
Middlekauff, Glorious Cause, 241.Boston Port Act, the first of the acts passed in response to the Boston Tea Party, closed the port of Boston until the East India Company had been repaid for the destroyed tea. Massachusetts Government Act provoked even more outrage than the Port Act because it unilaterally altered the government of Massachusetts to bring it under control of the British. Administration of Justice Act allowed the governor to move trials of accused royal officials to another colony. Quartering Act. Quebec Act -
Lexington and Concord
Bradford, Charles H (1996). The Battle Road: Expedition to Lexington and Concord. Eastern National.Site of the first battle in the American Revolution. The first shot was fired at Lexington. "The shot heard around the world." -
Battle of Bunker Hill
Clinton, p. 19. General Clinton's remark is an echoing of Pyrrhus of Epirus's original sentiment after the Battle of Heraclea, "one more such victory and the cause is lost".The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775, mostly on and around Breed's Hill, during the Siege of Boston early in the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after the adjacent Bunker Hill, which was peripherally involved in the battle and was the original objective of both colonial and British troops, and is occasionally referred to as the "Battle of Breed's Hill." -
Second Continental Congress
Burnett, Edward Cody (1941). The Continental Congress. New York: Norton.The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun. Made the Declaration of Independence. -
Olive Branch Petition
Bailey, Thomas, David Kennedy, and Lizabeth Cohen. The American Pageant. 11th ed. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. 8 Oct 2009.The Olive Branch Petition was adopted by the Continental Congress in July 1775 in an attempt to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain. The petition affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and entreated the king to prevent further conflict. -
Fort Ticonderoga
Chartrand, Rene (2008). The Forts of New France in Northeast America 1600–1763. New York: Osprey Publishing. During the American Revolutionary War, the fort again saw action in May 1775 when the Green Mountain Boys and other state militia under the command of Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold captured it in a surprise attack. Cannons captured were transported to Boston where their deployment forced the British to abandon the city in Marc -
Battle of Long Island
Lengel 2005, p. 140-Figure indicates how many troops were on Long Island total. Only 3,000 troops were on the Guana Heights, where the British attacked.First major battle in the American Revolutionary War following the United States Declaration of Independence, the largest battle of the entire conflict, and the first battle in which an army of the United States engaged, having declared itself a nation only the month before. The Americans were demolished. -
Ratification of Articles of Confederation
Bernstein, R.B. "Parliamentary Principles, American Realities: The Continental and Confederation Congresses, 1774–1789," in Inventing Congress: Origins & Establishment Of First Federal Congress ed by Kenneth R. Bowling and Donald R. Kennon (1999) pp. 76–108 Its drafting by the Continental Congress began in mid 1776, and an approved version was sent to the states for ratification in late 1777. The formal ratification by all 13 states was completed in early 1781. First constitution of the United States of America. -
Common Sense
Paine, Thomas (1986) [1776], Kramnick, Isaac, ed., Common Sense, New York: Penguin ClassicsCommon Sense[1] is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. It was first published anonymously on January 10, 1776, at the beginning of the American Revolution. Common Sense presented the American colonists with an argument for freedom from British rule at a time when the question of seeking independence was still undecided. -
Virginia Declaration of Rights
John H. Garvey & Thomas C. Berge, Religion and the Constitution (2d. Ed. 2006), p. 45.The Virginia Declaration of Rights is a document drafted in 1776 to proclaim the inherent rights of men, including the right to rebel against "inadequate" government. -
Declaration of Independence
Armitage, David. The Declaration Of Independence: A Global History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2007.The Declaration of Independence was a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. Written by Thomas Jefferson. -
Valley Forge
Bodle, Wayne (2002). The Valley Forge Winter. Penn State Press. Place where Washington and his men stayed during the winter of 1777 -
Battle of Saratoga
Bennett, William J; Cribb, John (2008). The American Patriot's Almanac. Thomas Nelson Inc. Turning point of the war. Showed Europe that America had a real chance of winning the war. -
Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom
"Act for Establishing Religious Freedom, January 16, 1786". Shaping the Constitution. Virginia Memory.It supported the Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment, and freedom of conscience. -
Battle of Yorktown
Alden, John (1969). A History of the American Revolution. New York: Da Capo PressDecisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and French Army troops led by the Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis. The culmination of the Yorktown campaign, it proved to be the last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War in North America -
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Dull, Jonathan R. (1987). A Diplomatic History of the American Revolution. Yale University Press. The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain on one side and the United States of America and its allies on the other. The other combatant nations, France, Spain and the Dutch Republic had separate agreements; for details of these, and the negotiations which produced all four treaties -
Land Ordinance of 1785
Vernon Carstensen, "Patterns on the American Land." Journal of Federalism, Fall 1988, Vol. 18 Issue 4, pp 31-39 The immediate goal of the ordinance was to raise money through the sale of land in the largely unmapped territory west of the original states acquired at the 1783 (Treaty of Paris) after the end of the Revolutionary War. -
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Story, Joseph. Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States: with a preliminary review of the constitutional history of the colonies and states before the adoption of the Constitution, p. 228 n. 1 (Little, Brown, 1873): “One party could not change or absolve itself from the obligation to obey them”.Act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States, passed July 13, 1787. The primary effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River. -
George Washington Inauguration
Washington, George (1835). The Writings of George Washington : pt. III. American Stationers' Company. pp. 491–492.The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of George Washington as President. John Adams had already taken office as Vice President since April 21. Sworn in by Chancellor of New York Robert Livingston during this first presidential inauguration, Washington became the first President of the United States following the ratification of the Constitution.
