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Major Breakthroughs in SPED
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Brown VS. Board of Education
In this case, Brown, argued that segregating children in school deprived them of equal education and protection under the law. On May 17, 1954 Earl Warren issued a decision that segregated schools were not equal. This opened the door for parents with children with special needs to sue schools for excluding their children. -
Education of the Handicapped Act (P.L. 91-230)
Addressed that underprivileged children have less educational opportunities.This act established a grant program for states to develop resources and programs for children with disabilities. -
PARC VS. Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Associates for Retarded Children filed a lawsuit against the state of Pennsylvania because of the exclusion of children with metal retardation. They settled on October 8th, 1971 and the court found that children with disabilities are capable of benefiting from educational programs and training and they had the right to free education. -
Congressional Investigation of 1972
During the PARC VS. Pennsylvania and the Mils VS. Columbia rulings, congress had a goal to find how many students with special needs weren't given the right treatment. The Bureau of Education for the Handicapped found 8 million required special education and out of that 3.9 million adequately had their needs met, 2.5 million were receiving substandard education, and 1.75 million weren't in school. Legislation was then introduced establishing in law the right to education for all handicapped. -
Mills VS. Board of Education of District of Columbia
Children with disabilities were denied a free education because they were considered to have behavioral problems. The court ruled that students with disabilities must be given an education, regardless of whether they can pay it or not. -
Public Law 94-142
The Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975 made all children with disabilities have the right to an education and the state could be held accountable for providing education to the handicapped. -
IDEA Reauthorized
The Education for all Handicapped Children's Act became IDEA under president Clinton. This gave students access to the same curriculum and expanded the "developmental delay". It also provided benefits to special needs students placed in private schools. -
NCLB Act
The No Child Left Behind Act was signed by Bush on January 8, 2002 and ensures that all children have an equal right to obtain high quality education and reach proficiency on challenging state academic achievement standards and assessments. -
IDEA
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act gives an education to children with unique needs and prepares them for their future in education, employment, and independent living. It also protects the rights of children with disabilities and their parents. -
ESSA
The Every Student Succeeds Act replaces the No Child Left Behind Act. This act holds schools accountable for how their students learn and provides an equal opportunity at education for students with special needs. States are supposed measure whether students are making improvements and sets goals for those furthest behind.
