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The American School for the Deaf (ASD)
The oldest permanent school for the deaf in the United States. Established in 1817, it later became a state-supported school later that same year. https://www.asd-1817.org/about/history--cogswell-heritage-house -
Brown Vs. Board of Education
The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a 1954 Supreme Court Case that unanimously ruled that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. The case is seen as a cornerstone of the civil rights movement, as it helped to establish that "separate-but-equal" was not at all actually equal. https://investingoutlook.co/article-get-out-of-cash.html?cid=MKT376375&eid=MKT377393&utm_source=taboola&utm_medium=referral -
John F Kennedy’s Mental Retardation and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963
This act provided federal funding for community centers and research facilities, as well as created a Division of Handicapped Children and Youth in the Department of Education, which in turn funded the training of special needs teachers as well as promoted educational opportunities for mentally disabled children. This act conducted by the Kennedy Administration acted as an initial cultural shift that eventually paved way for many landmark acts. -
Learning Disabilities Association of America
A resourceful group of parents who convened in Chicago in 1963 for the "Exploration into the Problems of the Perceptually Handicapped Child" shared common concerns: recognition of the need for services for their respective children. More so, services that did not yet exist. These individuals continued to convene and estbalished the LDA. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the ESEA of 1965. The law represented a new commitment of the federal government to ensure equal, quality education for the youth. The purpose of this act is to provide additional resources for students that may be seen as vulnerable. ESEA created new grants for districts with low-income students, federal grants for textbooks, special education centers, and created college scholarships for low-income students. -
Mills VS. District of Columbia Board of Education
In this case, a lawsuit was filed against the District of Columbia, in which it was ruled that students with disabilities must be given a public education even if said students are not able to pay for the cost of education. The case established that "all children are entitled to free public education and training appropriate to their learning capabilities." -
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
FERPA protects the confidentiality of all student educational records. This specific act can apply to any public or private school institution, or any state or local education agency that receives federal funds. FERPA gives students the right to inspect and review their own education records, request corrections, halt the release of personal information, and obtain a copy of their institutions policy concerning educational records. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was enacted by Congress in 1975, requiring all public schools that accept federal funds to therefore provide equal access to education, as well as one free meal a day for children with physical and/or mental disabilities.This act supports states and local agencies in protecting the rights of, meeting the needs of, and improving the quality of life for infants, toddlers, children, and youth with disabilities and their families. -
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley
In this legal case, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Education of the Handicapped Act of 1974 did not require that special instruction and supportive services that were provided under the law by state governments to students with disabilities be designed to help theme reach their full potential as learners. Instead, it was seen as sufficient that the instruction and services "permit the child to benefit educationally" from said instruction. -
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
This law prohibits discrimination based on ability of disability. It also allows for similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities following the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, and other qualities illegal. The The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires employers to provide reasonable and appropriate accommodations to employees with disabilities. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
This four-part legislation ensures students with a disability are provided a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) that is tailored to individual needs. The overall goal of IDEA is to provide children with disabilities equal opportunity for education as students who do not have a disability.
