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Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) V. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
PARC sued the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania over a law that allowed schools to deny free education to children who had not attained a mental age of 5 years (Li, 2013). The court ruling made the state of Pennsylvania responsible for providing free public education to all children regardless of disability. The quality of education had to match that given to students with no disability. The following website contains more information: http://www.rootedinrights.org/15321-revision-v1/ -
Mills V. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
The Board of Education was sued because it denied education to children with behavioral issues. It was also accused of violating rights to due process (Li, 2013). The court ruled that students with disabilities had the right to a public education even if they could not afford it. Also, they are entitled to training that is appropriate for their learning abilities. The following video provides more information about the case: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdzpyzmeolU -
Rowley V. Hendrick Hudson School District
Rowley, a deaf student whose school refused to provide a language interpreter, sued the District contending violation of the Education of All Handicapped Children Act. The Supreme Court ruled that appropriate education involved opening the doors of public schools to students with disabilities (Henley, Ramsey, & Algozzine, 2009). It did not include additional services. For more information, visit: https://www.oyez.org/cases/1981/80-1002 -
Relevance
Prior to the PARC and Mills, children with disabilities were often denied free education. The outcomes of both cases helped students gain access to free and suitable education; they also guaranteed that their rights were protected. Other cases such as Rowley sparked conversations about providing students with additional opportunities to reach their full potential.
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