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Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)
Congress enacted the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) in 1965 to address the inequality of educational opportunities for underprivileged children. This landmark legislation changed the special education world today by providing resources to help ensure that disadvantaged students had access to quality education. -
Congressional Investigation (1972)
After PARC and Mills, Congress launched an investigation into the status of children with disabilities and found that millions of children were not receiving an appropriate education. This changed the special education world today by becoming one of the six pillars of appropriate equal education to disabilities. -
PARC and Mills
During the early 1970s, two cases were catalysts for change: Pennsylvania Assn. for Retarded Children v.Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (PARC)and Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia.PARC dealt with the exclusion of children with mental retardation from public schools. This changed the special education world today by providing free education to the disabled. -
Mills v. Board of Education (1972)
was a lawsuit filed against the District of Columbia in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. The court ruled that students with disabilities must be given a public education even if the students are unable to pay for the cost of the education. -
Education Amendments (1974)
The Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA) of 1974 is a federal law of the United States of America. This changed the special education world today in ways that prohibits discrimination against faculty, staff, and students, including racial segregation of students, and requires school districts to take action to overcome barriers to students' equal participation. It is one of a number of laws affecting educational institutions including the Rehabilitation Act (1973) -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (sometimes referred to using the acronyms EAHCA or EHA, or Public Law (PL) 94-142 was enacted by the United States Congress in 1975. This act changed the special education world today by requiring all public schools to accept federal funds to provide equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities. -
Armstrong v. Kline (1979)
On June 21, 1979, this Court found that the Commonwealth's 180-day rule violated the class's and named plaintiffs' right to a free appropriate public education under the Act. Armstrong v. Kline, 476 F. ... The Court did not reach the question of whether the 180-day rule violated plaintiffs' constitutional rights. -
Hendrick Hudson School v. Rowley (1982)
is a United States Supreme Court case concerning the interpretation of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. Amy Rowley was a deaf student, whose school refused to provide a sign language interpreter. Her parents filed suit contending violations of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. -
Timothy W v. Rochester School District (1989)
Timothy W. v. Rochester, New Hampshire, School District, case in which the U.S. First Circuit Court of Appeals on May 24, 1989, ruled that, under the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA; now the Individuals with Disabilities Act [IDEA]), school boards were required to provide special-education services to any disabled student regardless of the severity of his or her disabilities. -
Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1990
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a four-part (A-D) piece of American legislation that ensures students with a disability are provided with Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) that is tailored to their individual needs
