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Brown v. Board of Education
This was a first step because it was a movement towards inclusion. The ruling created a movement and push to include all students and not segregate by ability. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
This came in place for students and families of underprivileged or disadvantaged students. The grant program was created for expansion of resources for children with handicap or disabilities. -
PARC v. Commonwealth
Previously the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) now the Arc of Pennsylvania was regarding the exclusion of children age 8 but who have not reached a mental age of 5. It was decided that education placements must include a process between the school and parent participation. -
Congressional Investigation
Previous cases such as 1971's PARC v. Commonwealth and 1972's Mills v. Board of DC led to the investigation. It was discovered that millions of children were not receiving appropriate education which was a breaking point and leads to future rulings and laws regarding the right to education for all children with handicap. -
Mills v. Board of DC
It was determined that all students are entitled to education and learning even if they are unable to pay for the cost. The ruling opened the door for other cases regarding access and education to students and children with disabilities. -
Public Law 94-142
This is also known as the Education for all Handicap Children Act of 1975. This stated the rights for students to receive education. This implemented procedural safeguards to protect the rights of all kids and their parents. President Gerald Ford stated that money from Federal Government to be used for equal access for children with disabilities including one free meal and that states must ensure compliance. -
Public Law 99-457
This was an Amendment to the Education for All Handicap Children Act of 1975 that states must provide services to families with children with disabilities whereas prior to the Amendment these resources and services were not accessible until age 3. -
Handicap Children Protection Act
This Act mandated parent involvement in the development of the student's Individualized Education Plan (IEP) -
Public Law 101-476
This was changes made to Public Law 94-142 to include traumatic brain injury (TBI) and autism as disability categories as well as an addition to include Individual's Transition Plan (ITP) to the pre-existing IEP in order to include and allow for the transition post-secondary/post-school life -
IDEA & IDEA Improvement Act
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1997) and the Improvement Act (2004). Clinton signed for students to have access to the same curriculum. Also that the consideration for developmental delay from birth-5 years was to now include ages 6 and 9. Furthermore, standards were raised for teachers of special education and that 15% of special education funds were to be pushed to general education if it was determined that reasons for minority students in disability were for other reasons.
