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Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
This ended the segregation of schools. According to the text, Special Education in Contemporary Society, this court case mainly focused on discrimination based on race. However, it "used as a precedent that children with disabilities cannot be excluded from a public education" (table 2.1). -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children V. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
"Guarantee a free public education to all children with intellectual disabilities ages 6-21 regardless of degree of impairment or associated disabilities" (Table 2.1). This court case was pivotal. As you can see this case was crucial because it required schools to provide education for students with intellectual disabilities. Also, this required schools to provide the same education to preschoolers, in any school where there was preschoolers without disabilities. -
Individuals with Disabilities Public Education Act
This bill was signed on November 29, 1975 By president Gerald Ford. This bill was seen as a " 'bill of rights' for children with exceptionalities and their families" (Gargiulo & Bouck, pg. 43). It is stated in Gargiulo and Bouck's text that this particular legislation, there worked to defend the rights of exceptional students. It is also noted that this is regarded as one of the most important pieces of legislation in the history of special education. -
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District V. Rowley
This case involves children with hearing impairment. The big question was what an appropriate education for these children. It was determined that an appropriate education would be one that gives "a reasonable opportunity to learn" (Table 2.1). -
Oberti V. Board of Education of the Borough of Clementon School District
This case has to do with least restrictive environment. In the text by Gargiulo and Bouck, table 2.1 tells us that individuals must be provided with aids or other things they may need in order to participate in the classroom. This case set a precedent for exceptional students being able to participate in the classroom. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The "No Child Left Behind Act" of 2001 was a standard adopted that emphasized that "eventually all pupils, including those in special education, are expected to demonstrate proficiency in mathematics, reading, and science" (Gargiulo & Bouck, pg. 46). Because of yearly testing, results of these tests helped to make curriculum accommodations for students with disabilities. This act was a significant improvement to the quality of education exceptional students were receiving. -
Schaffer V. Weast
This case came down to a supreme court decision. Basically, this decision provided that an IEP must be proven good or bad by the people that are questioning it. "Court ruled that the burden of proof is placed upon the party seeking relief" (table 2.1). -
Winkelman V. Parma City School District
This court case was a major step in parental rights. This gave parents the right to "represent their children in IDEA-related cases" (table 2.1). Also, the definition of free and appropriate education was expanded by this decision. -
Forrest Grove School District V. T.A.
This case presented a family that whose child was disenrolled from the school because of their disabilities. According to table 2.1 in Gargulio and Bouck's text, the child was never "declared eligible" for special education. At the end, the school, which was a private school, had to reimburse the parents the tuition money. -
Endrew F. V. Douglas County School District
This case follows a child being removed from a public school and enrolled in a private school. The reason for this was because his parents felt that his IEP wasn't helping him. Eventually, it was ruled that an IEP must provide more than just the minimal when it comes to helping a child. This appears on table 2.1 of Special Education in Contemporary Society. -
References
Gargiulo, R. M. (2021). Special education in contemporary society:
An introduction to exceptionality. Los Angeles: SAGE.