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Period: Jan 1, 814 to Jan 1, 840
Louis I (Louis the Pious)
As the only surviving adult son of Charlemagne and Hildegard, he became the sole ruler of the Franks after his father's death in 814, a position which he held until his death, save for the period 833–34, during which he was deposed. -
Treaty of Fontainebleau
Signed on 30 May 1631 between Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, and the Kingdom of France, established a secret alliance between the two Catholic states during the Thirty Years' War -
Charles II's death
Charles II was the monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland during much of the latter half of the 17th century, marking the Restoration era.
He died in the Whitehall palace, in London, United Kingdom -
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Philiph V of Spain
The actions of Louis XIV heightened the fears of the English, the Dutch and the Austrians, among others. In February 1701, Louis XIV caused the Parlement of Paris to register a decree that if Philip's elder brother, the Petit Dauphin Louis, died without an heir, then Philip would surrender the throne of Spain for the succession to the throne of France, ensuring dynastic continuity in Europe's greatest land power. -
War of the Spanish Succession
This war was a major European conflict of the early 18th century -
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War of the Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) was a major European conflict of the early 18th century, triggered by the death in 1700 of the last Habsburg King of Spain, the infirm and childless Charles II. He had ruled over a large active empire which spanned the globe, and the question of who would succeed him had long troubled ministers in capitals throughout Europe. -
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Joseph I reign
Joseph I (26 July 1678 – 17 April 1711) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1705 until his death in 1711. He was the eldest son of Emperor Leopold I from his third wife, Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg. Joseph was crowned King of Hungary at the age of nine in 1687, and King in Germany at the age of eleven in 1690. He succeeded to the imperial throne and that of Bohemia when his father died. -
Treaty of Utrecht
The Treaty of Utrecht, also called Peace of Utrecht, are a series of treaties between France and other European powers, and another series between Spain and other power, concluding the War of the Spanish Sucesion(1701-1714).France concluded treaties of peace at Utrecht with Britain, the Dutch republic, Prussia, Portugal, and Savoy. -
Pragmatic Sanction of 1713
The Pragmatic Sanction(Sanctio Pragmatica) was an edict issued by Charles VI on 19 April 1713, to ensure that the Habsburg hereditary possessions could be inherited by a daughter. The Head of the House of Habsburg ruled the Archduchy of Austria, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Croatia, the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Italian territories awarded to Austria by the Treaty of Utrecht (Duchy of Milan, Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily), and the Austrian Netherlands -
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Charles III
In 1734, as Duke of Parma, he conquered the kingdoms of Naples and of Sicily, and was crowned king on 3 July 1735, reigning as Charles VII of Naples and Charles V of Sicily. In 1738 he married Princess Maria Amalia of Saxony, an educated, cultured woman who gave birth to 13 children, eight of whom reached adulthood. Charles and Maria Amalia resided in Naples for 19 years; she died in 1760. -
Treaty of Paris
The signing of this Treaty formally ended the Seven Year's war, it was signed by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain.
The two nations returned much of the territory that they had each captured during the war. -
Esquilache Riots
The Esquilache Riots (Motín de Esquilache) occurred in March 1766 during the rule of Charles III of Spain. Caused mostly by the growing discontent in Madrid about the rising costs of bread and other staples, they were sparked off by a series of measures regarding Spaniards' apparel that had been enacted by Leopoldo de Gregorio, Marquis of Esquilache, a Neapolitan minister whom Charles favored. -
American declaration of independence
The Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Continental Congress meeting at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. Instead they formed a new nation—the United States of America. John Adams was a leader in pushing for independence, which was unanimously approved on July 2. -
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Charles IV
In 1788, Charles III died and Charles IV succeeded to the throne. He intended to maintain the policies of his father, and retained his prime minister, the Count of Floridablanca, in office. -
French Revolution -Storming of the Bastille
The Storming of the Bastille (French: Prise de la Bastille [pʁiz də la bastij]) occurred in Paris, France, on the morning of 14 July 1789. The medieval fortress and prison in Paris known as the Bastille represented royal authority in the centre of Paris. The prison contained just seven inmates at the time of its storming but was a symbol of the abuse of the monarchy: its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution.
In France, -
Execution of Louis XVI
The execution of Louis XVI, by means of the guillotine, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution ("Revolution Square", formerly Place Louis XV, and renamed Place de la Concorde in 1795) in Paris. It was a major event of the French Revolution. His execution made him the first victim of the Reign of Terror. His wife Marie Antoinette was guillotined on 16 October, the same year. -
War of the Pyrenees
The War of the Pyrenees, also known as War of Roussillon or War of the Convention, was the Pyrenean front of the First Coalition's war against the First French Republic. It pitted Revolutionary France against the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal from March 1793 to July 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars. The war was fought in the eastern Pyrenees, the western Pyrenees, at the French port of Toulon, and at sea. In 1793, a Spanish army invaded Roussillon in the eastern Pyrenees and maintaine -
Napoleon first consul
The Consulate was the government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of Brumaire in 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire in 1804. By extension, the term The Consulate also refers to this period of French history.
During this period, Napoleon Bonaparte, as First Consul, established himself as the head of a more conservative, authoritarian, autocratic, and centralized republican government in France while not declaring himself head of state. -
Treaty of San II Ildefonso
The Third Treaty of San Ildefonso was a treaty between France and Spain in which Spain returned the colonial territory of Louisiana to France. The treaty was concluded on 1 October 1800 between Louis Alexandre Berthier representing France and Don Mariano Luis de Urquijo for Spain. The treaty was negotiated under some duress, as Spain was under pressure from Napoleon, although Spain did gain the Tuscany area. The terms of the treaty did not specify the boundaries of the territory being returne -
The Battle of Trafalgar
The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement fought by the Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies, during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815). The battle was the most decisive naval victory of the war. Twenty-seven British ships of the line led by Admiral Lord Nelson aboard HMS Victory defeated thirty-three French and Spanish ships of the line under French Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve -
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Ferdinand VII 1st reign
After being overthrown by Napoleon in 1808 he linked his monarchy to counter-revolution and reactionary policies that produced a deep rift in Spain between his forces on the right and liberals on the left. -
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Peninsular War
It was a military conflict between Napoleon's empire and the allied powers of Spain, Britain and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. The war started when French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807, and escalated in 1808 when France turned on Spain, its ally until then. The war on the peninsula lasted until the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon in 1814, and is regarded as one of the first wars of national liberation. -
First Constitution
The Spanish Constitution of 1812 was established on 19 March 1812 by the Cádiz Cortes, Spain's first national sovereign assembly, the Cortes Generales in refuge in Cádiz during the Peninsular War. It established the principles of universal male suffrage, national sovereignty, constitutional monarchy and freedom of the press, and supported land reform and free enterprise. This constitution, one of the most liberal of its time, was effectively Spain's first (see Constitution -
Abdications of Bayonne
The Abdications of Bayonne is the name given to a series of forced abdications of the Kings of Spain that led to the Spanish War of Independence (1808-1814), which must not be confused with the Peninsular War. -
Riego´s Pronunciamento
The January 1, 1820 took place in the Seville town of Las Cabezas de San Juan the military coup of Lieutenant Colonel Rafael de Riego , who had been commissioned to lead an expedition against insurgents in the American colonies . After a limited initial success , Irrigation immediately proclaimed the restoration of the Constitution of Cadiz ( 1812 , La Pepa ) and the restoration of constitutional authorities. The little support for the military coup was increasing with time and the uprising las -
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Ferdinand VII 1st Period
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Ferdinand VII 2nd Period
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Cien Mil Hiijos de San Luis
The Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis was the popular name for a French army mobilized in 1823 by the Bourbon King of France, Louis XVIII to help the Spanish Royalists restore King Ferdinand VII of Spain to the absolute power of which he had been deprived during the Liberal Triennium. Despite the name, the actual number of troops was around 60,000.The force comprised some five army corps (the bulk of the French regular army). -
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Ferdinand VII 3rd Period
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First Carlist war
First Carlista War or Seven Years' War was a civil war that took place in Spain between 1833 and 1840 among the Chartists , supporters of the infant Carlos Maria Isidro de Borbon and an absolutist regime and the Elizabethan , defenders of Elizabeth II and the regent Maria Cristina de Borbon, whose government was originally moderate absolutist and eventually became liberal to gain popular support . -
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Isabel II
sabel II of Spain , called "the de los Tristes Destination " or " Queen Castiza " ( Madrid, October 10, 1830 - Paris, April 9, 1904 ) , 1 was queen of Spain between 1833 and 1868 , thanks to the repeal of Regulation succession of 1713 (commonly called " Salic Law " although technically it were not ) note 1 through Pragmatic Sanction of 1830. This led insurgency infant Carlos Maria Isidro , uncle of Elizabeth II , who , supported by the absolutist groups ( called " Carlist ") and had tried to pro -
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Amadeus of Savoy
He was elected by the Cortes as Spain's monarch in 1870, following the deposition of Isabella II, and sworn in the following year. Amadeo's reign was fraught with growing republicanism, Carlist rebellions in the north, and the Cuban independence movement. He abdicated and returned to Italy in 1873, and the First Spanish Republic was declared as a result. -
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Second Carlist war
War or the Second Carlist War Matiners ( risers , in Catalan ) took place mainly in Catalonia between September 1846 and May 1849 because , at least theoretically , the failure of attempts to marry Elizabeth II with the Carlist pretender , Carlos Louis de Bourbon , who had been sought by different moderate sectors of Isabel , singularly Jaime Balmes and Juan Donoso Cortés , and Carlist . However , Isabel II ended up marrying his cousin Francis of Assisi of Bourbon. -
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Regency of MªCristina
María Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena (o Austria),o en su forma original alemana: Maria Christina Désirée Henriette Felicitas Rainiera von Habsburg-Lothringen (u Österreich),conocida popularmente como «Doña Virtudes»2 (Groß Seelowitz, actualmente Židlochovice, cerca de Brno, Moravia, 21 de julio de 1858 – Palacio Real de Madrid, Madrid, 6 de febrero de 1929), fue la segunda esposa del rey Alfonso XII y regente de España en nombre de su hijo menor de edad Alfonso XIII. Por nacimiento era archidu -
Spanish Glorious Revolution
The Revolution of 1868 or Glorious , also known by the September , was a Spanish revolutionary upheaval that took place in September 1868 and led to the overthrow of Queen Elizabeth II and the beginning of the period called Democratic Presidential term . -
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Third Carlist War
Third Carlist War (Second Carlist War , to some historians ) was developed in Spain between 1872 and 1876 , between supporters of Charles, Duke of Madrid, Carlist pretender to the name of Charles VII , and the governments of Amadeo I, of the First Republic and of Alfonso XII. In March 1870 Ramon Cabrera resigned as a political and military leader of Carlism for believing that the " reasonable conditions to achieve victory by arms " and not wanting to expose Spain to a new civil war were not ful -
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First Spanish Revolution
The Spanish Revolution was a workers' social revolution that began during the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 and resulted in the widespread implementation of anarchist and more broadly libertarian socialist organizational principles throughout various portions of the country for two to three years, primarily Catalonia, Anarchist Aragon, Andalusia, and parts of the Valencian Community. -
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The Spanish civil war
The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil Española),[nb 2] widely known in Spain simply as The Civil War (Spanish: Guerra Civil) or The War (Spanish: La Guerra), took place from 1936 to 1939 and was fought between the Republicans, who were loyal to the democratic, left-leaning Second Spanish Republic, and the Nationalists, a falangist group led by General Francisco Franco. The Nationalists won, and Franco then ruled Spain for the next 36 years, from April 1939 until his death in November 1975
