SOCE

  • SA officers actively encouraged Germans to avoid entering Jewish places of work.

  • On 1 April 1933, a boycott of Jewish shops and other businesses took place.

  • School lessons to reflect the view that Jewish people were 'Untermensch'.

  • Jewish people were removed from public office and professions- civil servants, lawyers and teachers were sacked.

  • Many Jewish shops were vandalised.

  • Marriage and relationships between Jewish people and Germans became illegal.

  • Jewish people were denied the right to be German citizens.

  • Introduction of the Nuremberg Laws on 15 September 1935: These laws removed many Jewish rights.

  • They defined a Jew as anyone with three or more Jewish grandparents. Four German grandparents were needed to be classified as German.

  • Jewish men had to add 'Israel' to their name, women had to add 'Sarah'.

  • Jewish people were banned from becoming doctors

  • Jewish people had to carry identity cards which showed a 'J' stamp.

  • Jewish children were denied education and banned from schools.

  • Kristallnacht: On the night of the 9 November 1938, Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues were attacked

  • Jewish people were banned from owning businesses.

  • The first ghettoes (segregated housing within towns, with a controlled entrance and exit) were opened in Eastern Europe to separate Jewish people from ‘ordinary’ citizens.

  • Star of David Emblem: On 23 November 1939 Jewish people were ordered to wear the Star of David on their clothes. This helped identify them more easily.