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Europeans introduce disease.
The Europeans, during their primary contact with the Huron tribe, spread smallpox and other diseases that the Huron had no immunity to. Because of this, half of the tribe falls ill, and dies. -
Royal Proclamation
King George III made this proclamation after the Seven Year's War, to establish stability in trade with the First Nations, and to bring Great Britain's territories together. It established government, and gave that government exclusive right to negotiate treaties. It also set aside land for the First Nations. -
Death of Robert Semple
Robert Semple was the goverenor of the Hudson's Bay Company until his death at the Battle of Seven Oaks, waged against the Metis. He and most of his men died when a fight broke out, but only one Metis soldier lost his life in the scuffle. -
Canada's Confederation
Colonies renamed "Dominion of Canada." Confederation was accomplished when Queen Victoria gave royal assent to the British North America act, also known as the Confederation act. -
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Bison Herds depleted
Bison herds on the praries of Canada are so depleted by the demand of the Europeans that the materials Natives relied on were harder to come by. The Natives were forced to buy products from the Europeans, and some of them move to the Northwest. -
Red River Rebellion
Louis Riel led his men, a provisional government in Manitoba, against the new, english-speaking goverener William McDougall. He refused to let McDougall survey the land, and set up negotiations with Canada's government for the establishment of a new province, Assiniboia. Riel and his men rounded up people who resisted their movement, convicting and executing one of them who had threatened to kill Riel. People in Ontario were angered by this, and demanded that Riel be arrested, so he fled Canada. -
Indian Act
The Indian Act is federal legislation that defines basic legal status and entitlements of Canada's First Nation's Peoples. Defined 'indians' as wards of the state, children for Canada's government to protect and assimilate. -
Riel vs. Northwest Mounted Police
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Duck_LakeThe Canadian government went to Manitoba to reestablish their power in the province and prevent an uprising that Riel might have been causing. Commander Leif Crozier and his men encountered some of Riel's men on the road, and brought back forces to fight them. Riel's men were ready, and ended up winning the battle. But Riel is eventually defeated, and is convicted of treason, and hanged. -
Treaty #8
Treaty #8 between the Queen and the First Nations Peoples was signed. Between 1871-1877, Canada's gov't signed Treaties 1-7, but that didn't cover the land in Treaty 8, because they didn't believe that people would settle in the land covered by the first 7. When the Klondike Gold Rush started, and people moved north, the First Nations were again uprooted, and so this eighth treaty was required to make peace. -
Indian Act Revised
In keeping with the times, and the drive to eliminate racism, some of the more discriminatory provisions of the Indian Act were eliminated, and replaced with better provisions. Allowed for sale and slaughter of livestock without an Indian Agent liscence, attempts to pursue land claims and perform traditional ceremonies no longer outlawed, and status women could vote in band elections. -
Only 15 Residential Schools still Operating
By this date, only 15 residential schools were still operating in Canada. The Dept. of Indian Affairs evaluated each school, and determined goals for them to set. It also helped make school boards more aware of the cultural needs of their Aboriginal students. -
Canada Act
The Canada Act was an act passed in British Parliament that gave Canada the right to make certain amendments to their constitution without having to have their idea passed through British Parliament. This was called 'patriation' of the Constitution. It also ended the 'request and consent' provision, where Britain could pass laws that could extend to Canada by their request. -
Indian Act amended again!
This amendment of the Indian Act allowed for Native women to retain their status as a First Nation's Person when they marry outside of their culture, and allow First Nation's status to be passed to the children (but not grandchildren) of these marraiges. -
The last federally run residential school is closed.
The Canadian residential school system was designed to assimilate the children of Canada's First Nations to be part of Canadian-European culture, and give up their own native culture and beliefs. The last residential school, White Calf Collegiate, was closed in 1996, with a settlement offered to the students on Sept. 19, 2007.
