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Period: 1300 to
The Renaissance
The activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. -
1418
Prince Henry of Portuagal
Prince Henry of Portugal sponsored the voyage to Madeira Islands and established the colony at Porto Santo. He did not travel, but the Portuguese he sponsored, discovered the islands. -
1440
Johannes Gutenburg
Johannes Gutenburg invented the printing press. -
1492
Christopher Columbus lands in San Salvador
Christopher Columbus lands in San Salvador on his expedition to the America's. -
1492
The beginning of the Columbian Exchange
The Columbian exchange was the trade of natural resources, technology, disease, ect, between the new world and the old world. -
1497
Beginning of the Northern Renaissance
Renaissance ideas traveled to Northern Europe. Students studied in Italy, then returned home and printing also helped spread ideas. -
Period: 1497 to 1498
Vasco da Gama
Gama is known for finding a water route to India. -
1498
Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo Da Vinci painted "the Last Supper" -
Period: 1501 to 1504
Michelangelo created the sculpture of David
Michelangelo is known as an Italian renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet-influence on the development of western art. -
1507
Leonardo Da Vinci painted the "Mona Lisa"
Da Vinci is known as an Italian painter, sculptor, engineer, scientist and architect; the most versatile genius of the Italian Renaissance. -
1509
Erasmus wrote "the Praise of Folly"
In this piece of writing, Erasmus bashed merchants, philosophers, theologians, and monks. -
1516
Erasmus published "Novum Instrumentum"
"Novum Instumentum" was the first New Testament that was translated to Greek by Erasmus. -
1517
Luther nailed the 95 theses on the church door
This act of that Martin Luther is known for was the spark to the Reformation. -
1520
Ferdinand Magellan discovers the Strait of Magellan
Magellan sets sail from Spain in 1519. He later discovers the Strait of Magellan. -
1521
Hernando Cortes
Cortes is known for conquering the Aztec Empire. -
1533
Calvin's "sudden conversion"
When John Calvin encountered the writings of Luther it changed his thoughts on God. -
1533
Francisco Pizarro
Pizarro is known for conquering the Incan Empire by killing their emperor. -
1534
King Henry VIII created the Anglican church
King Henry the VIII created the Anglican church because he got mad at the pope of the catholic church. The pope would not allow him to get in a divorce. The Anglican church was basically a catholic church with no pope, but King Henry the VIII in power of the church. -
1534
Society of Jesus
The Jesuits were founded by St.Ignatius of Loyola. They were interested in education and missionary work. They had more missionaries than any other group and they helped slow protestantism. -
1534
Jacques Cartier
Cartier explored the St. Lawrence river. -
1536
Calvin returned to Geneva
When Calvin settled in Geneva, Switzerland, he also published "The Institutes of the Christian Religion". John Calvin's ideas helped start a theocracy in Switzerland. -
1540
Jesuits officially recognized
The Jesuits were officially recognized by Pope Paul III (the church). The Jesuits are a roman catholic order of men. Members of the Jesuits took vows of poverty, chastity, pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and special obedience to the pope. -
1543
Nicolaus Copernicus
Copernicus is known for discovering the sun is the center of the universe. He proposed the heliocentric theory and model. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
The Council of Trent
The Council of Trent met three times during this time period. Pope Paul III called for the meetings because he knew the church needed clearly define doctrines. In the meetings the councils brought reform and clearly defined doctrines, they ruled against Luther's ideas, they defined the canons of the old testament and new testament and they defined the sacrament and mass. -
1562
Beginning of the Reformation in France
The Huguenots attacked France in civil wars. This was the beginning of the Reformation in France. -
1562
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I made the Anglican church the official state church. -
Period: 1577 to 1580
Drake circumnavigates the globe
Francis Drake is known for circumnavigating the globe. -
Francis Drake helps defeat the Spanish Armada
Drake helped England in the defeat against the Spanish Armada. -
Period: to
Shakespeare wrote his first play during the Renaissance
Shakespeare wrote his first play during the renaissance, called Henry VI part one, part two, and part three. -
Miguel De Cervantes
Miguel De Cervantes published the first part of "Don Quixote". -
Galileo Galilei
Galileo invented the telescope during the scientific revolution. -
Johannes Kepler
Kepler published the first two laws of planetary motion before the third. The third law was published in 1619. -
Louis XIII becomes king
Louis XIII becomes the king of France at the age of 8. He had a chief minister, cardinal Richelieu. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
Richelieu kept France out of the war, so other countries could become weak while France stayed strong. France eventually joined the war and gains valuable territory from it. -
William Harvey
William Harvey published "de Motu Cordis" on blood circulation. He is known for his studies in blood circulation and the heart. -
Parliament passed laws against the king
The parliament passed laws to limit royal power. This was an issue that led to the English Civil war. -
Period: to
English Civil War
This is a war with the kings/nobles against parliament/puritans. Charles I leads the Kings and nobles while Oliver Cromwell is leading parliament and the puritans. This war begins when the puritans in parliament try to take power from the king, so Charles I leads troops to arrest parliament. -
Period: to
Louis XIV ruled France
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The puritans defeat the Cavaliers
The Puritans and Oliver Cromwell defeat Charles I and the cavaliers. -
Execution of Charles I
Oliver Cromwell had Charles I executed for being guilty of treason against parliament. This event ended the English Civil war. -
Thomas Hobbes wrote "Leviathan"
Hobbes believed all humans were wicked. If they were left to themselves, they would let their evil ways run wild. He believed the best government would have the power of a leviathan. He also figured an absolute monarchy would be best. -
Charles II becomes the king of England
Parliament votes for Charles II to rule England. -
Charles II enters London
Charles I enters London, restored the monarchy. This is the beginning of the restoration. -
Period: to
Charles II ruled England
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Habeas Corpus law passes
This law gave every prisoner the right to obtain a writ or document ordering the prisoner be brought before a judge to specify the charges against the prisoner. It also stated that the prisoner could not be help indefinitely without trials. -
Louis XIV moved the royal court
Louis XIV moved the royal court to the Palace of Versailles. -
Period: to
Peter the Great ruled Russia
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James II
James II became king of England after Charles II dies of old age. -
Period: to
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a movement of the 18th century that stressed the belief that science and logic gave people more knowledge and understanding than tradition and religion. -
Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton published the laws of motion and universal gravitation in "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy". -
Beginning of the Glorious Revolution
William led his army to London, James fled to France. This was the beginning of the Glorious Revolution. -
William and Mary
William and Mary made England's government a constitutional monarchy when they overthrew James. -
The Bill of Rights was drafted
The Bill of Rights limits the power of the monarchy by creating a separation of powers, therefore enhancing and protecting the rights of citizens. After the Glorious Revolution, William and Mary had to agree to accept the Bill of Rights before they were able to be sworn in as king and queen. -
John Locke wrote "the two treaties on government"
Locke said that people were sovereign. He believed that people had the gift of reason. He said that the government has a contract with the people to protect their rights to life, liberty, and property. If the government abused these rights, the people were justified in rebelling. -
Period: to
Frederick the Great ruled Prussia
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Baron de Montesquieu wrote "the Spirit of Laws"
Montesquieu wrote "The Spirit of Laws". He said the best form of government was separation of powers. He also said you can't have liberty if two branches are ran by one person. The government needs checks and balances. -
Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote "the Social Contract"
He wrote that the government has a contract between the rulers and the people. He meant that liberty was everyone's birthright, but many were oppressed. Rousseau also believed that civilization meant the stronger ruled over the weaker. -
Period: to
Louis XVI ruled France
Louis XVI was the last king of France. -
The Tennis Court Oath
The third estate took the Tennis Court Oath when they were locked out by the clergy and nobles (the first and second estates). -
The Great Fear
The peasants were afraid the troops were going to attack them. -
The Declaration of the Rights of man and the citizen
The National Assembly issued the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen. -
Women demanded to see Louis XVI
Thousand of women marched to Versailles and demanded to see Louis XVI. -
Storm the Bastille
The citizens of Paris stormed the Bastille (a prison) to rebel against the unfair French government. -
New Constitution of 1791
The National Assembly completes the new constitution of 1791. -
Louis XVI
Louis XVI tried sneaking out of Paris. He was caught by guards and executed for treason. -
Radicals take over the government
The third estate or the radicals takes over the government. -
Robespierre starts the Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror began with the execution of Louis XVI. Robespierre had killed about 40,000 people. He was killing whoever was against the revolution. -
Reign of Terror ends
The Reign of Terror ends with the execution of Robespierre. -
Voltaire wrote "Candide"
He felt that religious toleration should win over religious fanaticism. He believed in the separation of church and the state. Voltaire wrote against prejudice, intolerance, and superstition. -
Constitution of 1795
The moderates regain control and write the constitution of 1795. -
Napoleon Bonaparte became emperor Napoleon I
Napoleon is know as one of the best military generals. -
Napoleon and the French army were defeated at the battle of Waterloo
Napoleon and the French army were defeated at the battle of Waterloo. After this defeat, Napoleon was no longer the emperor for France. -
Eugene Delacroix painted "The Death of Sardanapalus"
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Eugene Delacroix painted "Liberty Leading the People"
