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Amendment 13
Abolished slavery. Ratified December 6th 1865 -
Amendment 14
Granted citizenship to everybody born or naturalized in the United States. Ratified July 9th 1868 -
Amendment 15
Granted everybody the right to vote without regard to race. Ratified February 3rd 1870 -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Claimed that the racial segregation of public places was constitutional under “spate but equal” ideology. April 3rd 1896 - May 18 1896 -
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD
Case ruling in 1930 that stated that the separation of Mexican American children and Anglo children DUE TO RACE was unconstitutional but that the Mexican American children could be assigned to their school based on educational purposes, as long as race was not a factor. -
Mendez vs. Westminster
Ruled in 1947, that the separation of schools by Mexican and Mexican American was unconstitutional. -
Sweatt v. Painter
June 5th 1950. The case challenged the idea of “separate but equal.” Sweatt was not allowed admission to the School Of Law and reassigned to a black only law school. Case declared that separate could not be equal with the comparison of the schools and faculty. -
Hernandez v. Texas
May 3rd 1954. Stated that all race, not just African Americans, were protected under the 14th amendment. -
Brown v. Board of Education
One of the first steps in removing the segregation in schools. Claimed the segregation of white and black students was unconstitutional. Decided May 17th 1954 -
Civil Rights Act-1957
Integrated black and white schools together. Little Rock incident. Enacted September 9th 1957. -
Amendment 24
Removed all pole taxes set on voting. Ratified January 23rd 1964. -
Civil Rights Act-1964
Enacted July 2nd 1964. Moved to remove all forms of segregation, regardless of sex, race, religion or nationality, but there was little to no power to enforce the Act. -
Voting Rights Act-1965
Removed all racial discrimination in voting and was amended 5 times to broaden the protection. Signed into effect August 6th 1965. -
Edgewood vs. Kirby
May 23rd 1984. Plaintiffs claim that the states use of property taxes to fund schools was unconstitutional in that they did not provide equal opportunity to areas with low property values. Final ruling signed into law May 31st 1993 by Governor Richards- Schools would choose to merge, increase tax, send money, contract students, transfer tax payments, consolidate or else the state would force consolidation. Implemented January 1995.