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Period: 1200 to
Scientific Revolution
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1507
Copernicus's "Commentariolus"
The commentariolus was a 40 page outline of his early beliefs on the heliocentric theory. Copernicus proposed seven theory's.Here are some. Planets and starts do not all revolve around a single point. The center of Earth is the center of the lunar sphere—the orbit of the moon around Earth. All the planets rotate around the Sun. Earth is moved in a sphere around the Sun; Earth has more than one motion. This is very revolutionary because before this everyone was persuaded the earth was the center. -
1543
Andreas Vesalius
He was one of the fathers of modern anatomy. He was an anatomist and physician. Many people did not want to believe him. He also made many new modern medicines and that was not something the church was happy with, he had to fight through that to get people to believe him, without him we would not have the medicines we do today. -
Kepler publishes Astronomia Nova
Astronomia Nova is published by John Kepler as a result of his ten year study of the motion of Mars.It also contains his first two laws of plantery motion:
1. The planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at the center focus.
2. The speed of the planet changes at each moment so, that the time between any two positions is always proportional to the area that is swept out on the orbit between these positions.
This is revolutionary because people never thought of this they only knew geocentric -
Johannes Kepler
He helped prove Copernicus' theory that the universe was heliocentric. Kepler provided the math that Copernicus could not do to help prove his theory. Without the math, nobody would of believed Copernicus that the universe was heliocentric. -
Galileo's telescope
Galileo invented a telescope which was the first of his time, it allowed him to look deep into space like nobody had done before. He was able to see the craters on the moon, the moons of Jupiter, the spots on the sun, and even the rings that surrounded Saturn. This was very revolutionary because nobody had seen anything even close to what he saw, and he could now prove that the moons revolved around the earth, and the earth revolved around the sun. -
Galileo publishes starry messenger
This was the first book to be published about observations made through a telescope, those observations were made by Galileo. The many things that he saw through the telescope he was now able to share with his people. He wanted to show everyone what he saw. People were confused about what he claimed. Nobody could believe what he was trying to say an that is why it was so revolutionary because people were beginning to expand their knowledge on this topic. -
Kepler publishes Harmonice Mundi
This book contains his third law of plantery motion: The square of the orbital period of any planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of the planet's orbit. This changed many things and was shocking because people were amazed with his first two laws, and then he came out with the third one which was also very controversial with the church. -
Rene descartes
He was crowned as the first modern philosopher. He was most known for connecting algebra and geometry. He found out how to use algebraic equations to solve geometrical equations. This is revolutionary because nobody ever thought of connecting the two and blending them together, and that is what he did. -
Galieo published Dialogues Concerning the Two Chief Systems of the World
The book was published with a license from the Inquisition.The book compares the Heliocentric system with the traditional Geocentric system.The Heliocentric system was that the sun was the center and the earth along with other planets orbited around it.The Geocentric system was that the earth was the center on the universe.It was written as a talk between three people,two philosophers and a layman. This is so important because it shows both sides and this eventually gets him put on house arrest. -
Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle discovered that when you increase the pressure on a gas, the gas's volume shrinks in a predictable way. This was the first gas law to be discovered. This was revolutionary because nobody had ever thought of this rule, and they now realized that it was true and it could help them with the new science. -
The new science
This was created by an Italian philosopher Giambattista Vico. It has been highly influential in the philosophy of history, sociology, anthropology. Without this piece of work our world would not be the same. The book made more sense to the changing times, it required you to chenge your thinking because of the changing society. -
Galileo's trials
When the catholic church found out what Galileo was teaching, they were horrified. They demanded that he tuned himself in to the Holy office to begin trial. They wanted to kill him for what he had been persuading people, they did not like Catholics to be able to see what he was saying. Instead he got put on house arrest and was not able to teach anymore. This is so important because if he had not gotten house arrest, he would of found many many more thing and would of been able to spread it. -
Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
The Principia states Newton's laws of motion, forming the foundation of classical mechanics; Newton's law of universal gravitation; and some of Kepler's laws of planetary motion. The Principia is considered as one of the most important works in the history of science beacause it changed the way everyone saw physics and saw how things worked and why they woroked the way that they did. -
Joseph priestly
He is best known for pioneering modern chemistry. He discovered many knew things about geometry using oxygen to figure out how things mixed. He also found reactions. This was revolutionary because he though the world what happened when you mixed things with oxygen, Nobody had ever done this. -
Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier was known for many things. He helped revolutionize chemistry when he mixed oxygen and hydrogen, he was the one to first name these elements. He also invented the metric system, something we still use to this day. If he didn't invent the metric system, majority of the world would be measuring things in different ways.
