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Discover of the vanadium
The Spanish Andrés Manuel del Río discovered it in Zimapán, Mexico, after analyse mineral samples he concluded that he discovered a new element, that he called erythronium. The reason of why he was send to this region was because the Spanish king Charles III ordered him to renew their mining and metallurgy. -
Discover of the Joule effect
The British James Prescott Joule discovered it after doing an experiment in which he measured the increase of the temperature in a piece of wire that was submerged in a container with water and that was being crossed with electricity. So he established that the electrons that were crossing the wire hit the electricity conductor and the kinetic energy of these electrons became thermal energy, causing the temperature raise. This effect has use in devices like the electric oven or the heater. -
Discover of the organisms that perform the milk fermentation
The French Louis Pasteur discovered with the help of a miscroscope that the process of fermentation was performed by little organisms like the ones that are present in the yeast, this organisms obtain energy from the lactose when they enter in contact with the milk, during this process the lactic acid is deleted, provoking the precipitation of milk proteins that result in the curdle of the milk. -
Discover of the Cesium
It was discovered by Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen, when they were making investigations about the spectrum of the sun and his chemical elements, in which they used spectroscopic experiments, that make possible the study of the interaction between the electromagnetic radiation and the matter. They discovered it when they used cesium carbonate and cesium chloride in the studies, identifying the element, however they couln't obtain pure cesium, something that Carl Setterberg did years after. -
Invention of the dinamite
It was patented by Alfred Nobel, his main finally was make the nitroglycerin explosives less dangerous, because they could blow up with some shake. To create it Alfred had to mix nitroglycerin and diatomite, an element that could stabilize the explosives, then he introduced them like powder into cardboard tubes that had special taps with gunpowder, this taps were actioned by a detonator and they activated the dinamite. After Nobel's death, his fortune was used to created the Nobel prizes. -
Invention of the margarine
It was patented by the French Hippolyte Mège-Mouriés, whose principal goal with this invention was win a competition that the emperor Napoleon III created to obtain new aliments and an alternative to the butter. The original ingredients were ox fat, milk and water. It was cheaper to produce and needed more time to expire than the butter. Napoleon III used this new aliment to fed his army and navy, and it also became popular in the lower class, because it wasn't as expensive like the butter. -
Invention of the phonograph
It was patented by Thomas Alva Edison. This device was the first machine able to record and play sound, the way it recorded was transforming the sonic waves into mechanical vibrations that were engraved with a needle in an aluminium cylinder. To reproduce the sound the needle had to read these engraved grooves to transform them into sonic waves again. Edison used the song Mary had a Little Lamb to show his invention to the public. -
Invention of the first clinic thermometer
It was invented by the British doctor Thomas Clifford Allbutt, it was about 15 cm long and thanks to his inventor the thermometer became more useful, because the time required to measure a person's temperature was reduced from one hour to about 20 minutes. Before this event the thermometer had had other models with less utility, like, the first one by Galileo Galilei in 1592, that didn't have numbers or elements to measure the exact temperature of the element that it was "measuring". -
Invention of the cinematograph
It was patented by the French Lumière brothers, the invention consisted on an artefact that could take a lot of images in short time, these images could be projected like a "video". After patent their invention the brothers record some of their friends, familiars and people doing daily activities, then they projected the films to the public on December 28. The people who watched this projection were amazed with the invention. They saw these films -
Discover of the electron
The British J.J Thomson made an experiment very similar to one that the chemist W. Crookes did years ago about the cathode rays, he applied big voltage to two cristal tubes with a metal sheet inside each one, the only difference between these two metal sheets was that one of them was positive charged and the other negative charged. He saw that the rays went to the positive side and established that the atoms had another part, the electron (negative charged), and also created a new atomic model.
