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Reign of czar Alexander III
Czar Alexander III, who ruled Russia from 1881 to 1894, is characterized by his conservative and autocratic policies. He sought to strengthen the autocracy, suppress dissent, and promote Russian nationalism, leading to a period of political repression known as the "Reaction" or "Age of Counter Reforms." -
Russo Japanese war
The Russo Japanese War took place from 1904 to 1905, with Russia and Japan competing for influence in East Asia. The conflict, marked by battles on land and sea, ended with the Treaty of Portsmouth. Mediated by the United States and showcased Japan's emergence as a formidable military power. -
Bloody Sunday
Bloody Sunday, which occurred on January 22, 1905, was a turning point in Russian history when peaceful protesters in St. Petersburg, led by Father Gapon, were fired upon by Imperial Guards while marching to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II. The tragic event fueled discontent, marking a significant catalyst for the 1905 Revolution and the eventual decline of the Romanov dynasty. -
WW1
World War I, also known as the Great War, took place from 1914 to 1918 and involved many of the world's major powers. Triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the war saw the Allied Powers, including France, the United Kingdom, and Russia, face the Central Powers, led by Germany and Austria-Hungary, in a brutal conflict marked by trench warfare, new technologies, and profound social and political changes. -
March Revolution
The March Revolution of 1917 was a pivotal event in Russian history when widespread protests and discontent led to the abdication of Czar Nicholas II, ending centuries of Romanov rule. This revolution, also known as the February Revolution in the Julian calendar, paved the way for the establishment of a provisional government and marked the beginning of significant political and social changes in Russia. -
Resign of Czar Nicholas II
The reign of Czar Nicholas II marked a tumultuous period in Russian history from 1894 to 1917. Facing economic hardships, social unrest, and military defeats, Nicholas II's rule ultimately ended with his abdication during the Russian Revolution of 1917, leading to the establishment of a provisional government and the eventual rise of the Bolsheviks under Vladimir Lenin. -
lenins return to Russia
Vladimir Lenin's return to Russia in April 1917 marked a pivotal moment in the Russian Revolution. His arrival, facilitated by the Germans hoping to destabilize Russia, ignited the Bolshevik movement and set the stage for the October Revolution later that year, ultimately leading to the establishment of the Soviet government. -
establishment of bolshevik
The establishment of the Bolsheviks, a faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party led by Vladimir Lenin, culminated in the October Revolution of 1917. Seizing power on November 7, the Bolsheviks formed a new government, marking the beginning of their socialist regime and the foundation of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, which later became the Soviet Union. -
Bolshevik revolution
The Bolshevik Revolution, also known as the October Revolution in 1917, was a pivotal event in Russian history where the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power, toppling the provisional government. This marked the beginning of communist rule in Russia and led to significant political, social, and economic changes in the country. -
russian civil war
The Russian Civil War, which began on November 7, 1917, following the October Revolution, was a complex and bloody conflict involving various factions vying for control over Russia. The war lasted until 1922, with the Bolshevik Red Army emerging victorious, consolidating the establishment of the Soviet Union and marking a transformative period in Russian history. -
The red terror
The Red Terror was a brutal campaign of political repression and mass killings carried out by the Bolshevik government, led by Vladimir Lenin, during the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1922. It targeted perceived counter-revolutionaries, political opponents, and anyone deemed a threat to the new Soviet regime, resulting in widespread executions and atrocities. -
Brest Litovsk
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed in March 1918 during World War I, marked the end of Russia's involvement in the conflict and its exit from the war. The treaty, negotiated by the Bolshevik government led by Vladimir Lenin, resulted in the loss of significant territories to Germany and its allies, highlighting the challenges faced by the newly established Soviet state. -
execution of the Romanovs
The execution of the Romanovs, including Tsar Nicholas II and his family, occurred on the night of July 16-17, 1918, in Yekaterinburg, Russia, following the Bolshevik Revolution. The Bolsheviks, led by Yakov Yurovsky, carried out the brutal execution, marking the tragic end of the Romanov dynasty. -
lenins death
Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the Bolshevik Revolution and the founder of the Soviet Union, died on January 21, 1924, after a series of strokes. His death prompted a power struggle within the Communist Party, ultimately leading to the rise of Joseph Stalin as the new leader of the Soviet Union.