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Abolishment of Serdom
The system which made Russian peasants be attached to their landlords, was abolished at the Tsar Alexander II imperial command.
Serfdom was blamed of being the cause of Russia’s weaknesses in all different aspects and it was decided it was the rigth time to have a land reform.
As soon as the abolishment was done, it seemed that it was a good reform,but in fact landlords where the beneficiaries. Now that they did not have serfs,they could sold the land to them at the price they wanted. * -
Abolishment of Serfom (2)
Also, they tend to sold the worst land. So in general, peasants could not afford a good piece of land and they had to cultivated their crops in the worst piece sold at a high price. For paying the high prices, peasants joined together in "mir", organised groups of peasants that bougth togther the land, so they did not have to paid a big amount of money, but they had to shared the land between them.
In conclusion, peasants were no more attached to their landlords, but to the village "mir".
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Alexander III
Alexander III is described as the most Russian, the most austere and the most serene Tsar. He became the heir to Russia, after his brother death. He married the daughter of the Danish King, Princess Dagmar, who took the name of Maria Fyodorovna. He became the Tsar in 1881,after his father assasination. He was determined to dismised any kind of revolution. In 1888, Alexander III and his family suffered a train accident, but they all survived. He died in 1894. http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent- -
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Alexander III
Alexander III's, called "The Peacemaker",government rose to unbelievably new heights and his country maintained the peace and order. After his father assasiantion he declared an "autocray government", imposing harsh security measures and hard measures for controlling revolutionaries, as imposing a censorship code. But he also encouraged the development of trade and industries,as well as the recovery of Russia economy. He began the construction of the Trans Siberian and avoided external conflicts -
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Trans-Siberian
Trans-Siberian Railway was built for connecting the East part of Russia with the Western one. It was mostly used for carrying soldiers in the Russo-Japanese War, but it was a failure in that situation. The railway could only go in one direction and it caused significant strategic difficulties. -
Nicholas II
Nicholas IINicholas II was the son of Alexander III. He had little experience in government. He married Princess Alexandra and had four daugthers and his famous son, Alexis who suffered from hemophilia.
Since the beginning, it seemed his government was going to have troubles. He did not trust the ministers, even he could not govern by his own. He was blind to what was happening in the streets and to the inminent revolution. He was forced to abdicated after the February Revolution and executed in 1918. -
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Nicholas II
Nicholas II was the Czar during the Russian Revolution. He continued with the idea of autocracy but he industrialized Russia. People continued discotent because of the new problems Industries carried. Meanwhile, Russia faced some external crisis as the Russo-Japanese War and the WW1, what was the spark for increasing people opposition to Nicholas II.After the February Revolution, Nicholas abdicated and was arrested few months later. Years after, he was executed with his family. -
Division of Marxists into two groups
In 1903 it was celebrated the second Congress of the Socio-democrat Worker Russian Party. There was a confrontation between Lennin and Mártov ,lider of the Menchevisks, because of their different ways of seeing communism and their political ideas. Menchevisks wanted a bourgeoise phase, while Bolchevisks (Lenin) wanted a direct proletariat dictatorship. -
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese war was military conflict between Russia and Japon, for the control of Korea and Manchuria. There were treaties between them for the dominance of the land, but Russia broke them. Japan fwon the war and the lost of Russia, led to a greater crisis than they one they had. Bloody Sunday occured just before Russia lost completely, as a cause of the crisis that this war was going to start. -
Bloody Sunday
About 20,000 workers and their families went in a peaceful demostration, to the Winter Palace. They were asking for better working conditions ,personal freedom and an elected national legislature. They were led by the radical priest Georgy Apollonovich Gapon. Imperial forces opened fire to the people,killing and wounding most of them. The event provoked a series of strikes and revolts during the next years. Nicholas accepted creating a parliament, Duma, which was dissolved few weaks after. -
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World War 1
The Worl War started because of a series of causes, like nationalism, militarism, secret alliances and imperialism. Russia entered the war supporting Serbia and France, it was a fateful decision. Russia was almost defeated by Germany in 1917, so it decided to abandon. There was no more Tsars ruling the country and Lenin decided that the WW1 was not making any better to Russia, on the contrary. When Russia abandoned, it need to sign the Treaty of Brest-Livovsk with Germany. -
Murder of Rasputin
Rasputin was a monk that the Tsar and the Tsarina hired for cure their only son, Alexis, from hemophilia. He did it and soon he became the confidence of the Tsarina, making by his own some decisions and laws. He was becoming so powerful that the aristocracy decided to killed him. It was difficult to murdered him. They tried to poison him, shot him and throwned to the river until he died. -
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Provisional Government
It was the goverment just in the middle between the Czar Absolute government and the Bolshevik government with Lennin at the front. The important governor was Kerenski. The Provisional Government had to overcome two problems: The July Days and the Kornilov Affair. Kornilov was a man who wanted all communists and socialist under arrested. He and his troops lost against the Red Guard. In fact it was no a real victory for the provisional government, because the Red Guards -
March (February) revolution
The situation was so terrible at Russia, that workers and women whose husbands were at war, went on strike clamoring for "Down with the autocracy!" The two previous wars had destroyed Russia in a political,economical and social way. Soldiers that at first fougth to them, ended joining them. The consequences where that Nicholas was forced to abdicate days later and a provisional government was established. It was a Menchevisk revolution. -
October Revolution
In that moment, Kerenski was controlling Russia. Lenin was back in Russia as well as his colegues. Bolchevisks interrupted at the Winter Palace, with the help of the Red Guard. They took the control of the government and Bolchevisks around the country did the same with other cities. Soon enough there was a radical change in politics, starting a communist-bolchevisk government led by Lennin. -
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Lenin government.
Starting with the communist ideas, Lenin first said to establish a proletariat dictartoship but at the contrary, he established a Communist Party dictatorship. He made reforms of all types and the country changed its name to U.S.S.R. Lenin organized Russia into self-governing republics under the central government, because the Communist Party held all the power. The Communist Party also created a constitution based on socialist and democratic principles. -
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Civil war in Russia
It was a civil war between the Bolchevisks(Reds)and the non-Bolchevisks (Whites). White commander were from different no-communist parties, so it was difficult for them to cooperate. Due to that and because Trotsky was the Commander of the Red troops, Allies of the West tried to help the Whites, but the Reds finally won the war. Making clear they could seize power and maintain it. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Treaty of Brest-Livtosk was the official end of the war between Russia and Germany. It was signed by Trotsky during Lenin's government. This treaty gave Germany some Russian territories, but it had no value after the end of the war. -
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New Economy Policy
NEP was an economic policy in the middle of Comunnism and Capitalism. It was set to stopped the crisis led by the civil war. Peasants could now sold their surplus, but the government controlled the key sectors. Foreign investment was allowed as well as some private small businesses. It worked and it managed to restablished the economy. At the same time, bourgeoise and rich social classes were reappearing. -
U.S.S.R
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was established during the Communist government. In the USSR, all levels of government were controlled by the Communist Party. Soviet industry was owned and managed by the state, and agricultural land was divided into state-run collective farms.the Russian-dominated Soviet Union grew into one of the world’s most powerful and influential states.In 1991, the Soviet Union was dissolved. -
The Exile of Trotsky
Trotsky, after loosing against Stalin in the figth for the war, start loosing his commands at the governments. Stalin saw him as an enemy or a rival for his dictatorship, because Trotsky was an intellectual, clever, charismatic man, so he ordered him to left out the U.S.S.R . He went to Mexico and in 1940 he was murderd by Ramon Mercader, with an icepick. It is supposed,Stalin sent the order to kill him. -
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Stalin government.
When Lenin died, Trotsky and Stalin dispute the leadership of the government. Although Trotsky was the clever one, Stalin finally got the power. He started presecuting people against Marxisism who did not want to give their surplus to the governemnt. He then changed the economic system and established a five years plan in economy. He established a total dictatorship, using the cheka (police) for his business and making his enemies "dissapear" for staying him at the power.
