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The Reign of Czars Alexander II
Alexander II, Russian in full Aleksandr Nikolayevich (born April 29 , 1818, Moscow, Russia—died March 13,1881, St. Petersburg). He emperor of Russia (1855–81).He was inspired program of domestic reforms, and the emancipation (1861) of the serfs. -
Emancipation of The Serfs
The 1861 Emancipation of Russian Serfs was the single most important reform of the reign of Tsar Alexander II.Alexander issued his Emancipation that proposed 17 legislative acts that would free the serfs in Russia. Alexander announced that personal serfdom would be abolished and all peasants would be able to buy land from their landlords. -
Zemstvo
Zemstvo was a form of local government that was instituted during the great liberal reforms performed in Imperial Russia by Alexander II of Russia. -
The Reign of Czars Alexander III
Alexander III was born March 10, 1845, St. Petersburg, Russia—died Nov. 1, 1894, Livadiya, Crimea. He was emperor of Russia from 1881 to 1894. He opponent of representative government, and supporter of Russian nationalism. He adopted programs, based on the concepts of Orthodoxy, autocracy, and narodnost (a belief in the Russian people). -
Russification
Russification is a form of cultural assimilation process during which non-Russian communities, voluntarily or not, give up their culture and language in favor of the Russian one. -
The Early Reign of Czar Nicholas II
Nicholas II was born May 6, 1868, Tsarskoye Selo near St. Petersburg, Russia—died July 16/17, 1918, Yekaterinburg, He was the last Russian emperor (1894–1917), who, with his wife, Alexandra, and their children, was killed by the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. -
Russo-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War(1904–05), military conflict in which a victorious Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy in the Far East, becoming the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a European power.(8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905). -
Russian Revolution of 1905
Russian Revolution of 1905, uprising that was instrumental in convincing Tsar Nicholas II to attempt the transformation of the Russian government from an autocracy into a constitutional monarchy. It began in St. Petersburg on Jan. 22 when troops fired on a defenseless crowd of workers, who, led by a priest, were marching to the Winter Palace to petition Czar Nicholas II. -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is shot to death along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia, in 1914. -
World War I
The world’s first global conflict, the “Great War” pitted the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire against the Allied forces of Great Britain, the United States, France, Russia, Italy and Japan. -
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, alias Lenin, was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician, and political theorist.he emerged as a prominent figure in the international revolutionary movement and became the leader of the 'Bolshevik' faction of the Russian Social Democratic Worker's Party -
The March Revolution in Petrograd
In Russia, the February Revolution (known as the March Revolution) begins when riots and strikes over the scarcity of food erupt in Petrograd.One week later, centuries of czarist rule in Russia ended with the abdication of Nicholas II, and Russia took a dramatic step closer toward communist revolution. -
Murder of Tsar Nicholas and Alexandra
Tsar Nicholas was murdered with his wife, Alexandra, and their children, was killed by the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. -
The November coup d'etat
When Czar Nicholas II dragged 11 million peasants into World War I, the Russian people became discouraged with their injuries and the loss of life they sustained. -
The Cheka
The Cheka was the first of a succession of Soviet state security organizations. It was created by decree on December 20, 1917, by Vladimir Lenin. -
Brest-Litovsk Treaty
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. -
Terms of the Versailles Treaty.
World War I officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919. Negotiated among the Allied powers with little participation by Germany, its 15 parts and 440 articles reassigned German boundaries and assigned liability for reparations.
