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Period: to
Russian Revolution
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Reign of Czar Alexander III (1881-1894)
- harsh autocracy(one man rule) - strict censorship, monitored all students, sent prisoners away
- wanted uniform Russian culture(Orthodoxy and one race)
- Jews were targeted (anti-Semitism)
- significant because it angered the Russians and they wanted to revolt - makes people unhappy with the Czar rule
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Reign of Czar Nicholas II (1894-1917)
- had many of the same ideas as Czar Alexander III
- responsible for the events of Bloody Sunday, the Duma, and WWI
- continuation of these ideas further angered the Russians and they revolted
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Russo-Japanese War(1904-05)
- Russia broke treaties signed over territories in Korea and Manchuria
- Japanese were angered and attacked
- Japanese had advantage because they were more industrialized and they were closer to the territories
- the loss caused Russians to feel unrest at home which sparked a revolt. also, it proved weakness that was embarrassing and people blamed the Czar
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Establishment of Doma (1905)
- Russia's first parliament created to give more freedom
- created to make people happy because their respect for him is dwindling
- leaders were moderates who wanted Russia to be like Britain
- Czar dissolved Doma after 10 weeks because he didn't want to share his power - made citizens angry
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Bloody Sunday (1905)
- many workers and their families came to the Czar's Winter Palace petitioning for better working conditions, more freedom, and a national legislature - these people wanted to be peaceful
- Czar Nicholas wasn't at the palace but, he ordered his generals to fire into the crowd killing about 100 and injuring almost 3,000 people
- event provoked strikes and revolts - added to Czar Nicholas' bad reputation
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Russia's participation in WWI (1914-1917)
- Russians entered the war but they were unprepared and suffered many losses, injuries, and kidnappings
- Czar Nicholas moved closer to the war and left his wife in charge - she let a man named Rasputin make political decisions
- effect of war - soldiers weren't listening, deserted the army, or mutinied. At home, supplies were dwindling and the people needed a change that the Czars couldn't give them
- made people mad because they did poorly during the war and they didn't back out soon enough
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Death of Rasputin
- Rasputin came from the peasant class and was allowed to make political decisions because he made Czarina Alexandra believe that he could heal her only son with his "magical powers"(performed exorcisms)
- was not actually holy - a womanizer, shady
- people feared that Rasputin would become more involved in the government and corrupting the government so they murdered him
- made people not trust the Czar leadership even more because it seemed like they were abandoning their role in as the Czar
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Abdication of Czar Nicholas II/ est. of Provisional Government (1917)
- the March Revolution makes Czar Nicholas leave his throne and was executed a year later, ending the Czar rule
- Provisional(temporary) Government put in its place - made conditions worse
- peasants want land, city workers more radical, Soviets formed for people who want more power, continued to fight in war
- caused people to become even more angry and upset with the conditions of their lives
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Bolshevik Revolution (1917-1920)
- the Bolsheviks wanted to become a communist country
- the Bolsheviks took power in the fall of 1917 and immediately took action distributing equal land to peasants and signed a treaty to end the war, even though they had to give up land, which made people mad
- some people did not want Russia to become a communist country so this resulted in a civil war
- win the Civil War causing the revolution to be complete and they have full control of Russia - causes the development of the U.S.S.R
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Civil War (1918-1920)
- The Red Army (the Bolsheviks) fight against the White Army (conservatives and Allies)
- The White Army was ununited even though they had many soldiers and the Red Army eventually beat them, causing Russia to become the USSR, a communist Russia
- the war had a great effect on Russia because many people were killed or injured and the peasants had to give up their crops so that they could be evenly distributed.
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Establishment of USSR
- named to recognize the soviets that helped the Bolsheviks achieve their revolution
- Russia was divided into smaller Republics because the Bolshevik leaders thought that nationalism would threaten their unity and loyalty *
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Stalin's Rise to Power (1922-1928)
- Stalin begins as a general secretary in 1922 and starts moving his supporters to positions of power
- Stalin continues developing his power and by 1928, he has gained total control of the Communist Party
- Stalin's reign causes consequences for Russia because he becomes a dictator and does not allow the communist state the Russians wanted to happen.
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Lenin's Death
- Lenin suffered his first stroke in 1922, causing Stalin and Trotsky to compete for power in the USSR
- Lenin's death in 1924 causing Stalin to take power and become a dictator. This was a consequence because the USSR suffered greatly
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Leon Trotsky's exile
- Trotsky is exiled to a part of Russia that is far away from the central cities of the USSR because Stalin did not like that he might challenge his power. So when Stalin gains control of the USSR, he exiles him.
- After a little while, Trotsky is exiled even further to an area in central America, where is is later killed because Stalin still thought of him as a threat.
- This event causes consequences for Russia because it allowed Trotsky to have total power over Russia and become a dictator
