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Reign of Czar Alexander III (1881-1894)
-He was Czar of Russia
-Promoted hatred and violence against Jews Pogrom
-Promoted the noble class
-in favor of autocracy, orthodoxy, and national homogeneity
-peasants and working class were unhappy with him
*he set the foundation for the Russian people being unhappy with the Czar. -
Czar Nicholas II Reign (1894-1917)
-son of Czar Alexander/ same beliefs of rule
-He ignored the problems of the russian people
-WWI
-Bloody Sunday
-Russo Japanese war
*He had a very bad reputation with the Russian people and blamed him for every bad thing that happened. -
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
-A war between Russia and Japan over territory in northern China
-Japan was much more technologically advanced
-Japan had a better supply system to troops + stronger navy
-Russia lost
*The Czar was blamed adding to unrest with government, prompting the Czar to create the Duma -
Bloody Sunday
-200,000 people marched on czar's winter palace (he wasn't there) -asking for relief from poor living and working conditions
-soldiers shot, killing 100, wounding 3,000
*the czar was blambed, and it was part of the reason he created the Duma -
Est. of Duma
-an elected legislative body that helped the czar run the country
-created a constitutional monarchy
*czar did this to make the people happy after the Russo-Japanese war and Bloody Sunday -
Russia Participation in WWI (1914-1917)
-they were loosing alot of men
-they weren't as advanced as those they were fighting
-czar Nicholas was a t the battle front
-they had to pull out of the war because they were losing
-they gave land to Germany
*czar was blamed for the failure, people were also mad that he gave land to Germany -
Death of Rasputin
-He was a friend of the royal family
-He was thought to have taken over the government when the Czar went to war
-Nobles didn't like him
-was killed by nobles
*the Czar was blamed for his death because he was the one who went to war and left the government to his wife/ Rasputin -
Bolshevik Revolution (1917-1920)
-Vladimir Lenin takes control
-creates Cheka
-Killed any enemies of revolution
-redistributed land to peasants
-ended involvement in WWI
*it was a start on the road to communism -
Abdication of Czar Nicholas II/ est. of Provisional government
-Czar steps down
-Provisional (temporary) government is set up in his place
*Czar was blamed for all Russia's previous failures but he steps down so Russia is left without a real government. -
Civil War (1918-1920)
-Fought between the red army and white army
-red wanted communism
-white were in favour of Czar
-Allied forces fought with white army
*red army won and their Bolshevik revolution was over and they then just needed to work toward Communism. -
Est. of the USSR (1922-1991)
-self governing republics
-discouraged nationalism
-promoted communism
-was not a true communist nation: there was a government
*the Bolsheviks hold all the power and the soviet union will exist until 1991 never achieved true communism -
Stalin's rise to power (1922- 1927)
-manipulates into power (propaganda)
-Lenin feared Stalin's rising power
-by 1928 stalin has total control over the Communist power
-he eliminates trotsky by exile and later death
*he becomes the dictator of the USSR despite original thoughts of Trotsky taking over. -
Lenin's death (1922-1924)
-Lenin was the leader of the communist party
-when he was dying competition over his position arose
*Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky were the main competitors for the position. Lenin was scared of Stalin because he thought that Stalin was just out for power. -
Leon Trotsky's exile
-Stalin was paranoid of Trotsky's influence
-he used propaganda to gain power/ take power away from Trotsky
*he got so paranoid that he exiled him to Mexico and then later had him killed (allegedly)
