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Reign of Czar Alexander III
Alexander III, Russian Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, (born March 10, 1845, St. Petersburg, Russia died Nov. 1, 1894, Livadiya, Crimea), Tsar of Russia (1881–94). He assumed the throne after the assassination of his father, Alexander II. -
Reign of Czar Nicolas II
He was the last Russian emperor. Characterized by some as shy, weak, vacillating, and indecisive, he was nevertheless a stubborn supporter of the right of the sovereign under growing pressure for reform. -
Russo-Japanese War
Conflict between Russia and Japan over territorial expansion in East Asia. After Russia leased the strategically important Port Arthur and expanded into Manchuria (northeastern China), it faced the increasing power of Japan. -
Brest-Litovsk Treaty
The treaty marked Russia's final withdrawal from World War I as an enemy of her co-signatories, on severe terms. -
Start of World War I
World War I began after the assassination of Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand by South Slav nationalist Gavrilo Princip on June 28, 1914. Read more about why the Balkans became the “powder keg of Europe.” -
March Revolution
The March Revolution was the first stage in the German Revolution of 1848-49. The German March revolution began in the wake of and as the immediate consequence of the Parisian February revolution. -
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Russian Civil War
A conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government led by Vladimir I. Lenin against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies. -
Bolshevik Revolution
A revolution that overthrew the imperial government and placed the Bolsheviks in power. Increasing governmental corruption, the reactionary policies of Tsar Nicholas II, and catastrophic Russian losses in World War I contributed to widespread dissatisfaction and economic hardship. -
Establishment of Provisional Government
The Provisional Government was formed on 15 March 1917 by the Provisional Committee in cooperation of the Petrograd Soviet, despite protests of the Bolsheviks. The government was led first by Prince Georgy Lvov and then by Alexander Kerensky. -
Lenin’s return to Russia
After the 1917 February Revolution ousted the Tsar and established a Provisional Government, he returned to Russia and played a leading role in the October Revolution, in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the new regime. -
Execution of the Romanovs
The Russian Imperial Romanov family (Nicholas II of Russia, his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, and their five children: Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei) were shot and bayoneted to death by Bolshevik revolutionaries -
The Red Terror
The Red Terror was a two-year period of coercion, violence and extra-legal killing by the CHEKA, starting in 1918. -
Establishment of Bolshevik rule /Creation of the USSR
After the Russian Civil War, the Bolsheviks took control. They were dedicated to a version of Marxism developed by Vladimir Lenin. It promised the workers would rise, destroy capitalism, and create a socialist society under the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. -
Lenin’s death
On 21 January 1924, Vladimir Lenin, leader of the October Revolution and the first leader and co-founder of the Soviet Union, died in Gorki aged 53 after falling into a coma. -
Bloody Sunday
British Paratroopers shot and killed more than a dozen civil rights marchers in Derry, Northern Ireland. It's been more than five decades since Bloody Sunday in Derry, Northern Ireland, and many questions are still unanswered.